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Psycology C.2 P.2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| endocrine [EN-duh-krin] system | the body’s “slow” chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. |
| hormones | chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues. |
| adrenal [ah-DREEN-el] glands | a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress. |
| pituitary gland | the most influential endocrine gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. |
| EEG (electroencephalograph) | a device that uses electrodes placed on the scalp to record waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brain’s surface. (The record of those brain waves is an electroencephalogram.) |
| PET (positron emission tomography) scan | a view of brain activity showing where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task. |
| MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) | a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show brain anatomy. |
| fMRI (functional MRI) | a technique for revealing bloodflow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain function. |
| brainstem | the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions. |
| medulla [muh-DUL-uh] | the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing. |
| thalamus [THAL-uh-muss] | the brain’s sensory control center, located on top of the brainstem; directs sensory messages to the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla. |
| reticular formation | nerve network running through the brainstem and into the thalamus; plays an important role in controlling arousal. |
| cerebellum [sehr-uh-BELL-um] | the “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory |
| limbic system | neural system (including the amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives. |
| amygdala [uh-MIG-duh-la] | two lima-bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion |
| hypothalamus [hi-po-THAL-uh-muss] | a neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward. |
| hippocampus | a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process for storage explicit (conscious) memories of facts and events. |
| cerebral [seh-REE-bruhl] cortex | a thin layer of interconnected neurons covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body’s ultimate control and information-processing center. |
| frontal lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments. |
| parietal [puh-RYE-uh-tuhl] lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position. |
| occipital [ahk-SIP-uh-tuhl] lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields. |
| temporal lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes areas that receive information from the ears. |
| motor cortex | the cerebral cortex area at the rear of the frontal lobes; controls voluntary movements. |
| somatosensory cortex | the cerebral cortex area at the front of the parietal lobes; registers and processes body touch and movement sensations. |
| hallucination | a false sensory experience, such as hearing something in the absence of an external auditory stimulus. |
| association areas | cerebral cortex areas involved primarily in higher mental functions, such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking. |
| neurogenesis | the formation of new neurons. |
Created by:
Amber108
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