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Biology and Behavior

Vocabulary for Theme 3

TermDefinition
Central Nervous System The brain and spinal cord.
Spinal Cord Nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit most messages between the body and brain.
Peripheral Nervous System Nerves branching out from the spinal cord.
Neurons The long thin cells of nerve tissue along which messages travel to and from the brain.
Synapse The gap that exists between individual nerve cells; the axon terminals of one and the dendrites of another.
Neurotransmitters The chemicals released by neurons, which determine the rate at which other neurons fire.
Somatic Nervous System The part of the peripheral nervous system that control voluntary movement of skeletal muscles.
Autonomic Nervous System The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls internal biological functions.
Hindbrain A part of the brain located at the rear base of the skull that is involved in the basic processes of life.
Midbrain A small part of the brain above the pons [part of the hindbrain] that integrates sensory information and relays it upwards.
Forebrain A part of the brain that covers the brain's central core.
Lobes The different regions into which the cerebral cortex is divided.
Electroencephalograph [EEG] A machine used to record the electrical activity of large portions of the brain.
Computerized Axial Tomography [CAT] An imaging technique used to study the brain to pinpoint injuries and brain deterioration.
Positron Emission Tomography [PET] An imaging technique used to see which brain areas are being activated while performing tasks.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging [MRI] An imaging technique used to study brain structure and activity.
Endocrine System A chemical communication system by which messages [hormones] are sent through the bloodstream.
Hormones Chemical substances that carry messages through the body in blood.
Pituitary Gland The center of control of the endocrine system that secretes a large number of hormones.
Heredity The genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to their offspring.
Identical Twins Twins who come from one fertilized egg; have the same heredity.
Genes The basic building blocks of heredity.
Fraternal Twins Twins who come from two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm.
Created by: tderue
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