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A&P Respiratory

Terminology of the Respiratory System

TermDefinition
Respiratory tract the passageway for air from the nose to the alveoli in the lungs and back
Upper respiratory tract The portion of the respiratory tract that incudes the nasal cavaty, the pharynx, and the larynx
Lower respiratory tract The portion of the respiratory tract that includes the trachea, all divisions of the bronchi, and the lungs
Nasal cavaty the hollow space separated by a septum into left and right halves. It begins with the nostrils of the nose; also known as the "air-conditioning chambers"
conchae Three ridged projections on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
Anterior nares The nostrils of the nose
Posterior nares funnel shaped opening that allows air passage from the nasal cavity to the pharynx
Paranasal sinuses air-filled cavities that open into the nasal cavity; lighten the skull and act as resonance chambers for sound
Pharynx Also known as the throat, a muscular tube that extends from the nasal cavity to the larynx
Larynx Also known as the voice box, connects the pharynx to the trachea and is primarily segmented cartilaginous tissue connected to muscles, ligaments, and the hyoid bone
Glottis Located within the larynx and contains the vocal cord or folds
Epiglottis A flap of tissue that helps move food and water into the esophagus during swallowing
Trachea Also known as the windpipe, it connects the larynx with the bonchi and is located anterior to the esophagus
Bronchi passageways leading from the trachea to each lung; the right side is wider andhas a steeper downward angle than the left
Bronchioles Small branches of the bronchi that lead to alveolar ducts and eventually to alveoli
Alveoli Air sacks within the lungs that are coated with a fluid containing surfactants
Lungs The primary organ of respiration separated into left and right and each further separated into lobes (2 on the left, 3 on the right)
Breathing the process of taking in air and expelling it from the lungs; also known as the respiratory cycle
Diaphragm The main muscle of respiration; Movements facilitate breathing by changing the size of the thoracic cavity
Hyperpnea Fast breathing
Tachypnea Rapid, but shallow breathing
Bradypnea Slow breathing
Dyspnea Labored or difficult breathing
Apnea Absence of normal, spontaneous breathing
Inhalation Also known as inspiration, this is the process of taking air into the lungs
Compliance The ease with which the thorax and lungs are able to stretch during inhalation
Elastic recoil The tendency of the thorax and lungs to return to their pre-inhalation size
Exhalation Also known as expiration, this is the process of expelling air from the lungs.
Respiration the process used to supply body cells with oxygen and to dispose of carbon dioxide.
External respiration gas exchange between the air in the alveoli and the blood in capillaries; also called pulmonary respiration
Internal respiration gas exchange between blood in the capillaries and body cells and tissues
Sneeze forceful expulsion of air through the nose and mouth to clear the upper respiratory passageways
Cough sudden expulsion of air to clear the lower respiratory passageways of irritants or particles
Hiccough intermittent involuntary contractions of the diaphragm followed by a spasmodic closure of the vocal cords
Yawn very deep inhalation initiated by opening the mouth wide. Some researchers believe is triggered by the need to increase the oxygen content and decrease carbon dioxide in the blood
Function of the Respiratory System Distribute air and exchange gas (external, internal and cellular respiration)
Anatomy of the Respiratory System Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Alveoli, Lungs
Tidal volume One inspiration and expiration are, 0.5L
Vital capacity deep inspiration and maximum expiration, 4.8L
Respiratory rate breaths per minute; at rest 16-20 bpm, increasing with exercise, low oxygen, smoking, disease
Benefits of Massage on the Respiratory System Adis in relaxation and deep breaths, tapotement to dorsal thoracic for respiratory congestion, slows respiratory rate
Created by: MassageHow
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