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Chapter 8 Psychology
Infancy and Childhood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The child's first experience of not getting what he/she wants occurs during the _________ stage. | Oral 1 |
| Johnny has just identified with his father, whom he previously regarded as a threat. He most likely is at the end of the _______ Stage. | Phallic 1 |
| Mrs. Smith, a middle aged woman, would be going through the __________ crisis, according to Erikson's theory. | Generativity vs. Stagnation |
| Cognitive theorists believe that | children actively shape their environments |
| An infant has developed object permanence. This means that he/she | is attached to specific objects |
| Which of the following terms includes all the others? | Intellectual Development (Assimilation, schemes, accommodation) |
| Mental retardation is | primarily an intellectual rather than an emotional disability |
| Bobby is a child who has just mastered the basics of language He most likely is ____ years old. | 2 (1) |
| Freud believed that children are born with ______ urges. | Sexual and aggressive |
| Erikson's stage that corresponds to Freud's latency stage is | initiative vs. guilt |
| For Kohlberg, morality depends upon | the ability to see things from another person's point of view |
| The "Golden Rule" is characteristic of stage(s) _______ of Kohlberg's model | Six |
| The Swiss psychologist ________________ proposed the most comprehensive theory of intellectual development. | Jean Piaget |
| The awareness that things exist even if you can't see or touch them is called___________. | Object Permanence 1 |
| The rules for organization of symbols are called ________. | Grammar |
| Learning the rules of behavior of one's culture is called | Socialization |
| Sublimation, characterizing the ______stage, leads to a repression of sexual and aggressive drives. | Latency 1 |
| According to Erikson, the conflict between _____ and ______ is where the child learns self-control and self-assertion. | Autonomy and Doubt |
| In stage one of Kohlberg's model, children are totally _______. | egocentric 1 |
| Process of fitting objects and experience into schemes for understanding | assimilation 1 |
| adjusting one's schemes to fit newly observed events and experiences | accomodation 1 |
| process of learning rules of behavior of one's culture | socialization 1 |
| plans for knowing | schemes 1 |
| principle that a given quantity does not change when its appearance changes | conservation |
| phase characterized by fear at caregiver's prologned absence | seperation anxiety 1 |
| process of redirecting sexual impulsrs into learning tasks | sublimation 1 |
| realization that an object exists even when it cannot be seen | object permanence 2 |
| infants' responcse in turning towardd source of touching | rooting |
| process of forming attachment to objects or organisms very early in life | imprinting 1 |
| ______ psychology is the area that studies the changes that occur as people grow old | Development |
| The period of time from conception to death studied by developmental psychologists is known as the | Life cycle |
| Growth that is programmed internally is called | Maturation |
| The infant's activity, passivity, crying, or cuddliness are indications of its ______. | Temperment |
| The most comprehensive and influential theory of intellectual development is that of | Piaget |
| Piaget states that children pass through the same predictable _____, although the rate of development may vary. | Stage |
| In piaget's theory, plan for knowing involve the construction of ______. | Schemes 2 |
| When we try to fit the world to our scheme, it is called the process of ________. | Assimilation 2 |
| When we change our scheme to fit the characteristics of the world, we are said to _______. | Accommodation 2 |
| Assimilation and accommodation worls together to produce __ growth. | Intellectual |
| The intellectual construct developed by the child that things exist even though they are not in the child's immediate sensory realm is called ___. | Object permanence 3 |
| When children are able to picture things in their mind and their intelligence is no longer exclusively involved with action, they are said to have developed ________. | Representational thought |
| If a child realizes that even though the container has changed the contents remains the same, the child has developed the intellectual principle of | concervation |
| A 10-12 months most children become upset when the mother or primary caretaker leaves their presence. They are said to be exhibiting _________. | Separation anxiety 2 |
| The first stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget, is called the ____________ stage. | sensorimotor |
| The ability to understand conservation occurs during the ______ operational stage. | concrete |
| The beginning of symbolic representation occurs during the ______ stage | preoperational |
| That stage at which thinking becomes abstract is the ____________ operational stage. | formal |
| People who are cognitively unable to learn as well and a rapidly as others of their own age are said to be _________. | Mentally Retarded |
| Research indicates that chimpanzees can develop intellectually as far as the _____ - year-old human child. | 2 (2) |
| One of the amazing things about Washoe the chimp was that some of her signs had _______ meaning. | abstract |
| Children are using __________-- when they leave out words but still convey their meaning. = | telegraphic speech |
| Experiments with animals idicate that early in life there is a _________ determined readiness for attachment. | Maturationally |
| The capacity, in some species, by which attachments are formed to other organisms or to objects very early in life is called ______. | imprinting 2 |
| Harlow found that a partially adequate substitute for a mother was ____ , that is, other baby monkeys. | peer |
| One possible reason for the problems with those monkeys reared by surrogate mothers was that their ________ could not be encouraged. | Independence |
| At about eight months, many human infants develop a strong fear of _______. | Strangers |
| The process of learning the rules of behavior of one's culture is called _______. | Socialization 2 |
| Freud felt that the two basic urges that children are born with are the ______ and the ______ urges. | Sexual Aggressive |
| According to Freud, the first stage of development is the ______ stage | oral 2 |
| During the oral stage the process of ________ leads to frustration and conflict. | weaning |
| Freud's second stage of development is the _____ stage, where toilet training is a major area of conflict. | Anal |
| During the _______ stage, the child discovers the pleasure obtained from the genitals. | Phallic 2 |
| During the phallic stage, the child becomes a rival with the parent of the ________ sex for the affection of the parent of the _________ sex. | Same Opposite |
| The struggle for the opposite-sex parent occurs on a(n) _______ level. | Unconsious |
| The crisis that occurs for boys during the phallic stage is the _________. | Oedipal conflict |
| In the process of _____ the boy takes on his father's values and principle. | identicifcation |
| The boy's conscience is formed by ______ his father's morality. | interalizing |
| The stage in which sexual desires are pushed into the background is the _________ stage. | Latency 2 |
| The process of redirecting sexual impulses into learning is called_________. | sublimation 2 |
| In stage one of Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the child is totally _________ and does not consider other people's points of view. | egocentric 2 |
| Piaget's research shows that | the sequence of the stages of intellectual growth do not vary |
Created by:
Clark County
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