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Forensic Psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Monahan (1981) | 4 outcomes to risk prediction 1) true positive 2) true negative 3) false positive 4) false negative |
| Ward (2002) | The Good Lives Model people commit crimes to meet a need or achieve a good life |
| Social Exclusion Unit (2002) | 7 pathways to reducing re-offending 1) accommodation 2) education, training, employment 3) children and families 4) finances, benefits, debt 5) attitudes, thinking and behaviour 6) drugs and alcohol 7) mental and physical health |
| Walton et al., (2017) | The success wheel |
| Howells (2011) | Intervention work should be focused on the specific needs of an individual |
| Fisher & Grieselman (1984) | Cognitive interview allowing individuals to tell their story without influence |
| Busey and Loftus (2007) | Recommendations to improve line-ups |
| Wells (1978) | Eyewitness testimony factors estimator = what police cannot control system = what they can control |
| Loftus and Palmer (1974) | Method of questioning car accident |
| Pickel (1999) | Hairdresser robbery gun vs chicken |
| Steblay (1992) | Weapon focus effect |
| Mann et al., (2010) | Risk factors of sexual offending |
| Thornton (2000) | RM2000 static risk assessment age, sexual offences, other offences, strangers, gender of victim |
| Marshall and Barbaree (1990) | Integrated model of sexual offences developmental factors, adult attributes, immediate precursors to offending |
| Ward and Siegert (2002) | Typology of sexual offenders 5 pathways |
| Finklehor's Pre-Condition Theory (1984) | 4 preconditions must be satisfied before abuse occurs 1) motivation to sexually abuse 2) overcoming internal inhibitions 3) overcoming external inhibitions 4) overcoming resistance to abuse |
| Polashek (2006) | 4 dynamic risk factor domains 1) attitudinal 2) impulsivity deficits 3) affective dyscontrol 4) lifestyle related needs |
| Anderson and Bushman (1992) | General Aggression Model inputs, routes and outcomes |
| Huesmann (1986) | Script theory we learn from observing others every time we perform the behaviour, the script is revised this creates shortcuts in our brain |
| Bandura (1977) | Social Learning Theory environmental factors are key |
| Loeber and Strourhmer (1986) | family factors in predicting violent crime |
| Eysencks' personality theory (1997) | neuroticism, extraversion, psychoticism |
| Lombrosso's psychobiological theory | violent criminals are anatomically different from non-criminals |
| Feshback (1964) | distinguished between expressive and instrumental violence |
| UK Statistics Authority (2014) | statistics based on police recorded crime data do not meet the required standard |
| Howitt (2006) | 18-26% of cases are dropped by the victim |
| Crime Survey for England and Wales | face-face victimisation study |
| Moffitt (1993) | it is statistically aberrant to refrain from crime during adolescence |
| The age-crime curve | best evidence for relationship between the two rapid increase followed by decrease gender differences |
| Farrington (1995; 2007) | family correlates of antisocial behaviour low involvement, poor supervision, maltreatment, harsh, inconsistent punishment, crime in family, poverty |
| Oregon Youth Study | stability over time, cycles of coercion, inept parenting |
| Lytton (1990) | association between parenting styles and anti-social behaviour |
| Malvaso et al., (2016) | maltreatment-offending link |
| Dishion et al., (1994) | peer rejection influences |
| Emler and Reicher (1995) | reputation management |
| Patterson et al., (1989) | peers and antisocial behaviour |
| Moffitt (1993, 2002, 2006) | explaining the age-crime curve |
| Moffitt (1993) | adolescence-limited vs life-course persistent |
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