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AP PSYCH 1-15
AP Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did Owen Gingerich say about the brain? | It is by far the most complex physical object known to us in the entire cosmos |
| What two things did Socrates and Plato conclude? | mind is separable from body and continues after we dies, and that knowledge is innate-born with us |
| Who is Plato's student? | Aristotle |
| What did Aristotle derive principles from? | principles from careful observations |
| What did Aristotle say about knowledge? | knowledge is not preexisting but instead grows from experiences stored in our memories |
| Who agreed with Socrates and Plato's ideas? | Rene Descartes |
| What did Descartes conclude by dissecting animals? | fluid in the brain's cavities contained "animal spirits" |
| What did Descartes surmise about "animal spirits"? | they flowed from the brain through what we call the nerves(which he thought were hollow) to the muscles, provoking movement |
| How did Descartes think memories form? | as experiences opened pores in the brain into which the animal spirits also flowed |
| What was Descartes right about? | nerve paths are important and that they enable reflexes |
| What did Francis Bacon rely on? | common sense and experiments |
| What did Francis bacon study? | the brain and its failings, how it always looks for patterns, and how its always looking for confirmation (Empiricism) |
| What did John Locke think about the mind? | the mind at birth is a blank slate(tabula rasa) |
| What is empiricism? | knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observation and experimentation then |
| Why is Wilhelm Wundt considered the father of psychology? | he was the first to do an experiment on psychology, first one to consider psychology as a science |
| Who was Wundt's student? | Edward Bradford Titchener |
| What did Titchener introduce at the cornell uni faculty? | Structuralism |
| What is Structuralism? | an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind |
| What did Titchener try to achieve with introspection? | training them to report elements of their experience as they used their senses. |
| What did Titchener share with C.S.Lewis? | there is only one thing in this universe that we know more about than we could learn from external observation and that is ourselves |
| In what ways was Introspection unreliable? | it required smart and verbal people, results varied from person and experience. Overall we just do not know why we feel what we feel and do what we do. |
| What did William James assume? | thinking developed because it was adaptive, contributed to our ancestors survival |
| What is functionalism? | a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish |
| Who taught the first psychology lecture? | William James |
| Who was James female student who could not receive her PhD under Harvard's name? | Mary Calkins |
| What did Calkins become the first female president of? | APA |
| Who was the actual first female to receive a PhD is psychology? (who also later became the second female prez of APA) | Margaret Floy Washburn |
| What was the first foreign study Wundt published in his journal? | Washburn's Thesis |
| What was Washburn restricted from joining ? | org. of experimental psychologists even tho it was founded by Titchener, her graduate advisor |
| Who wrote the first psychology textbook? | William James |
| What did the young science of psychology develop from? | philosophy and biology |
| Who dismissed introspection and redefined psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior? | John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner |
| What two things did humanistic psychologists emphasize the importance of? | current environmental influences on our growth potential and having our needs for love and acceptance satisfied |
| What is cognitive neuroscience? | study of brain activity linked with mental activity |
| What is Psychology? | the science of behavior and mental processes |
| What are mental processes? | internal, subjective experiences we infer from behavior |
| What is the nature vs. nurture debate? | the controversy over the relative contributions of biology and experience |
| What is natural selection? | among chance variations, nature selects the traits that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment |
| What did Charles Darwin argue? | natural selection shapes both behaviors and bodies |
| What is level of analysis? | the differing complementary views from biological to psychological to socio cultural , for analyzing any given phenomenon |
| What is biopsychosocial? | integrated viewpoint incorporates various levels of analysis and offers a more complete pic of any given behavior or mental processes |
| What is biological psych? | studies the links between biological and psychological processes |
| What is evolutionary psych? | study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using using the principles of natural selection |
| What is psychodynamic psych? | studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders |
| What is Behavioral psych? | the scientific study of observable behavior , and its explanation by principles of learning |
| What is cognitive psych? | the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
| What is social-cultural? | the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking |
| What is psychometrics? | scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits |
| What is developmental psychology? | scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifespan |
| What is educational psychology? | the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning |
| What is personality psychology? | the study of an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting |
| What is social psychology? | scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another |
| What is basic research? | science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base |
| What is applied research? | scientific study that aims to solve practical problems |
| What is industrial-organizational psychology? | the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces |
| What is human factors psychology? | the study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments |
| What is counseling psychology? | assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well being |
| What is clinical psychology? | studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders |
| What is psychiatry? | branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders: practiced by physicians who often provide medical treatments as well as psychological treatment |
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nailea89326
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