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AP Gov. Ch 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the major difference between presidential campaigns and congressional campaigns? | Presidential- more competitive, larger (more popular), funded by private and public money Congressional- incumbents usually win, congress members can take credit for service in ways that a president cannot, can seperate themselves from controversy |
| What is the first goal of an individual planning to run for office? | Getting mentioned |
| How often does the Constitution call for reapportionment? | every 10 years |
| What are the reasons why the approach used by a candidate in a general election may not work in a primary? | A primary candidate must appeal to the ideologically strident activists |
| What is true about television spot ads in general elections? | they have little effect over the election |
| How can a candidate avoid slips of the tongue during campaigns? | stock speeches |
| How are presidential campaigns funded? Congressional campaigns? | Congressional- individuals, PACs, & parties |
| How does a candidate receive federal matching funds? | appeal to small donors- raise $20,000 in each of 5 states in contributions of $250 or less |
| Where does the red dominate? Blue? | Democrat (blue)- New England, Oregon, Washington Republican (red) - almost everything else |
| Describe the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Act of 2002 | Banned soft money, increased individual contributions to 2000 per candidate and restricted limited expenditures |
| What are the advantages the incumbents have over challengers? | franking privilege |
| Democrats would win every election if the only factor was | party identification |
| Describe prospective voting and retrospective voting and give examples. | Prospective voting- voting because you favor his or her ideas for addressing issues Retrospective voting- basing your vote on past performance. generally helps an incumbent except when the economy worsens |
| Do campaigns make a difference? Why? | Yes, |
| What election brought about wide scale adoption of social assistance? | 1964 |
| Describe the differences between Republican and Democrats and their voting patterns. | |
| If there was a single decisive issue in an election what would it be? | Terrorism and National Security |
| How much can a PAC give a candidate per election and how many members must a PAC have? | 5000- each candidate, 50 members |
| Describe position and valence issues and give examples. | Position- rival candidates have opposing views on a question that also divides the voters. Valence- candidate fully supports the public’s view on a matter about which nearly everybody is in agreement (increased in importance in campaigns in recent years) |
| Summarize what we know about money and winning in presidential and congressional campaigns. | Presidential- not a very good predictor of who wins or loses- both of the major party candidates have about the same amount. Congressional- excellent predictor of who wins or loses |
| If more people identify with the Democratic party than the Republican party, why have Republicans won more recent presidential elections? | Democrats less firmly wed to their party, Republicans do better with independent voters, higher percentage of Republicans vote in elections. |
| Primary | used to select a party's candidate for office. involves individual voters going to the polls to make a selection of their party's candidate. those who participate are more extreme ideologically than the rest of the population |
| General election | candidates focus on big states with a large number of electoral college votes. |
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