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abnormal psychology
test #1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DSM-5 | The Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders |
| What does DSM-5 include? | symptoms, clinical presentation, etiology, developmental stage, and functional impairment. |
| central nervous system | brain and spinal cord. |
| endocrine system | series of glands that produce chemical substances known as hormones. |
| how many chromosomes are in the sperm & ovum? | 23 chromosomes |
| how many chromosomes are in the body? | 46 pairs of chromosomes |
| axon | sends signals from one end to the other. |
| soma | cell body; keeps the cell alive. |
| dendrites | receives the message from the previous cell. |
| neurotransmitters | sends information to the next cell through the synapse. |
| synapse | junction between 2 nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter. |
| amygdala | limbic system within the brain, responsible for emotions, survival instincts, and memory. |
| hippocampus | limbic system; consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory. responsible for emotions and impulses. |
| basic ID | behavior, affect, sensation, imagery, cognition, interpersonal relationships, and drugs/biology. Used in therapy to assess these seven modalities. |
| comorbidity | more than one disorders or diseases that exist alongside a primary diagnosis, which is the reason a patient gets referred/treated. |
| twin studies | allows researchers to examine the overall role of genes in the development of a trait or a disorder. Examine environmental vs. genetic influences. |
| close-ended questions | questions we answer "yes" or "no" to. |
| open-ended questions | questions that require more thought and more than a simple one-word answer. |
| sympathetic nervous system | activates "fight or flight." |
| parasympathetic nervous system | brings the body back to a resting state and calms the nervous system. Relaxes the GI tract and sphincter muscles. |
| revolving door | multiple hospital visits within a short period of time (one year). |
| helping individuals with disabilities/Elizabethan Poor Laws | family is responsible for taking care of a family member first, state is responsible second. |
| problems with institutions | overcrowding, sanitation, inhumane treatment, little food and water, inadequate heating and cooling. |
| Dorthea Dix | advocate on behalf of the mentally ill, created the first generation of American Mental Asylums. |
| treatments used in asylums | lobotomy, physical interventions, medications such as lithium, chlorpromazine/largactil, insulin coma treatment. |
| correlational studies | measures two variables and assess the statistical relationship between them. |
| longitudinal study | research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables over short or long periods of time. |
| cross-sectional study | observational study that analyzes data from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in time. |
| coefficient study | a preliminary way to gather info about a topic or in situations where performing an experiment is not possible. |
| monasteries | after the middle ages, churches began to help/bring in people with mental health issues. |
| informed consent | make sure all participants can understand the study, clarifies that participation is voluntary, consider all foreseeable risks/benefits, participants are selected through a fair process. |
| behavioral genetics | family, twin, and adoption studies that ask "are familiar patterns due to genetics or environment?" |
| why do we use twin studies? | to examine the difference between monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal) twins. Nature vs. nurture. |
| where are mental health screenings first done? | doctor's office |
| what type of study is used when we want something is psychology to be research based? | evidence-based practices |
| types of evidence-based practices | defense mechanisms, cognitive behavioral therapy. |
| role of social workers | responsible for helping individuals, families, and groups of people to cope with problems they're facing to improve their patients' lives. |
| role of psychologist | assess, diagnose, and treat the psychological problems and the behavioral dysfunctions resulting from, or related to physical or mental health. |
| role of psychiatrist | provide psychological treatment, prescribe meds and do procedures such as ECT. Can provide urgent care for a sudden mental illness. |
| protective factors | characteristics that reduce the likelihood of poor mental health either on their own or when risk factors are present. |
| dominant homozygous | RR |
| recessive homozygous | rr |
| heterozygous | Rr |
| 3 types of services for mental health | 1. therapy 2. medication 3. hotlines 4. inpatient, etc. |
Created by:
meglad93
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