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PSY Ch 9+10
Mrs. Labore
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| One common way to determine how much of a trait is due to genetic influences if to compare what kinds of twin pairs to what kind of twin pairs? | Identical and Fraternal Twins |
| What does the newest verizon of the Stanford-Binet intelligence test assess? | Quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and working memory |
| Who created a new intelligence test to measure adult intelligence? | David Wechsler |
| What is self serving bias? | The tendecney to make assumptions for our failures and our success |
| What is confirmation bias? | The tendency to only look for information that supports your beliefs while ignoring informationor evidence that goes against what you believe in |
| What is rational choice theory? | When we are given a choice between two or more options, we will choose the one that will most likely to help us achieve our goals |
| What is representativeness heuristic? | When we estimate the probability of one event based on how typical it is of another event |
| What is hindsight bias? | When people overestimate their ability to predict outcomes that couldn't possibly be predicted |
| What is analytic intelligence? | Judging, evaluation, or comparing and contrasting information |
| What is fluid intelligence? | Your raw mental ability |
| What is crystallized intelligence? | Knowledge that one gains from experience, learning, education, and practice |
| Fluid intelligence is how quickly you can what? | Learn new things |
| Who is credited with developing the first theory of intelligence? | Charles Spearman |
| Who said "How intelligent are you?" | Charles Spearman |
| What is deductive reasoning? | Reasoning from general statements of what is known to specific conclusions |
| Linguists define human language as an _____ and _____ communication system? | Open and Symbolic |
| What is true about visual representation, according to your textbook? | The way we think after our brain creates images after an original stimulus is no longer present |
| What is a schema? | A mental framework that develops from our experiences with particular people, objects, or events |
| What is a concept? | A mental grouping of objects, events, or people |
| What is a heuristic? | A mental shortcut method for making complex and uncertain decisions and judgements |
| What does the newest verison of Stanford-Binet test assess? | Quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and working memory |
| In babies, the babbling stage usually end at around what age? | 12 months |
| What is the central tenet of the nativist theory? | We discover language rather than learn it |
| What is the conjunction fallacy? | The error in logic that occurs when people say the combination of two events is more likely than either event alone |
| What does the bell curve of the intelligence mean? | The vast majority of people are in that percentages regarding their IQ |
| What is the availablility heuristic? | A device we use to make decisions based on the ease with which estimates come to mind or how available they are to our awareness |
| What are 3 kinds of strategies people use to solve difference kinds of problems? | Algorithms, insight, and thinking outside the box |
| What is true of creative people? | More integrated and balanced activity between their right and left frontal lobes |
| What is true of creative people? | More activity in their frontal and parietal lobes of their brains than any other region |
| What is true of creative people? | People usually come up with more ideas for a given problem than less creative people |
| What is true of creative people? | Have difference personalitities than that of less creative people |
| What is cooing? | When a baby starts to make its first vowel sounds |
| At what age is cooing common? | Birth to 6 months |
| What is cooings purpose? | Helps babies communicate to their care giver & strengthens their muscles |
| Where in the brain does human language production occur? | Broca and Wenicke's Area |
| What is the linguistic determination hypothesis? | Our language determines our way of thinking and our perceptions of the world |
| How did Skinner explain language development? | Language exists because it is reinforced and shaped |
| What is visual imagery? | Having a vision of an object that is now gone |
| How is visual imagery used? | In our memories |
| What is a mental representation? | A structure in the mind that stands for something else, such as an external onject or thing sensed in the past or future but not in the present |
| What are the stages of cretaive problem solving? | Preparation, Incubation, Insight, Elaboration/Verify (PIIE) |
| True or False: Acquiring language involves natural abilities that are modified by the evnironment of the language learner. | True |
| What is babbling? | Sounds made as a result of the infant's experimentation with a complex range of phonemes, which include consonatnts are well as vowels |
| What is matrix reasoning? | A test used to measure IQ that is cultural free |
| For what reasons did Chomsky advocate for the idea of a built-in LAD? | It was easy and automatic for humans to learn very complex and difficult things: speak in complete and grammatical sentences |
| What is functional fixedness? | A mind set in which one is blind to unusal used of common, everyday things or procedures |
| What is deductive reasoning? | Reasoning from general statements of what is known to specific conclusions |
| What did Hoff postulate about language and environmental influences? | Sociocultual forces shape language development, particularly the timing of vocabulary development |
| What is an availability heuristic? | A device we use to make decisions based on the ease with which esitmates come to mind or how available they are to our awareness |
| What are the characteristics to the CHC model of intelligence? | General > Broad > Narrow |
| What is the factor in general intelligence? | G Factor |
| What are the intelligences listed in the broad intelligence section of the CHC model? | Fluid, crystallized, general memory, learning, broad visua perception, broad auditory perception, broad retrieval ability, and broad cognitive speediness |
| What is inductive reasoning? | Reasoning that draws general conclusions from specific evidence |
| Who is credited with developing the first test of intelligence? | Binet |
| Language is defined as being "open". What does that mean? | Language can be dynamic and can change |
| What is deductive reasoning? | Reasoning from general statements of what is known to specific conclusions |
| What skills contribute to critical thinking? | Question, evaluate, and analyze information and to form sound opinions based on evidence |
| What is mental reprsentation? | A structure in the mind that stand for something else, such as an external object or things sensed in the pasts or future but not in the present |
| In the context of critical thinking, what step is the starting point of scientific thinking? | Questioning |
| What is convergent thinking? | Problems that have known solutions and require analytic thinking and the use of learned strategies and knowledge to come up with the correct answers |
| What is a representativeness heuristic? | When we estimate the probability of one even based on how typical it is of another event |
| Which linguist discussed in your book argues that humas are born with an innate, biologically based capacity to acquire language? | Chomsky |
| What is true about linguistic relativism? | The influence of language on thought |
| What is an availability heuristic? | A device we use to make decisions based on how the ease with which estimates come to mind or how available they are to our awareness |
| What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? | Language creates thought as much as thought creates language |
| True or False: Openness to experience is a personality trait commonly found among highly creative individuals. | True |
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