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Taxi Hippocamp Study

Revision for the quiz in lecture

TermDefinition
Hippocampus - Spatial specialisation? What evidence is there to suggest this? Birds & Mammals - Food storing Human - Lesions Human - fMRI - VR experiments hippocampal activation
Cause or Effect? - Does brain asymmetry lead to people becoming better navigators or does navigating lead to development of brain asymmetry? Reference the taxi study demonstrating the longitudinal growth significant results
Taxi study - participants details? Drivers: 32-64, licensed for >1.5yr, 2 years training, healthy profiles Controls: Same MRI centre with same characteristics
What does VBM stand for? Voxel based morphometry with statistical parametric mapping
How is VBM explained in the slides? Image is normalised in stereotactic space Template generated from 50 brains Separated into gray, white and cerebrospinal fluid Gyral diff removed using a Gaussian kernel Statistical tests locate differences between brains in 62 areas of interest
How is the pixel technique explained in the slides? Brain image representations for the hippocampus are isolated with pixels manually and compared using t-tests
What did the results demonstrate for taxi drivers from the analysis? Volume correlated with time spent as taxi driver, length of time correlated positively with volume in the right posterior
What is it about the hippocampus and navigation? It is the key area of the brain relating to navigation Controls show greater anterior hippocampus volume and so specialisation is associated with 'relative redistribution' of grey matter
Is predisposed likely? No because of the correlations with time spent
What other supporting evidence is there? Monkey studies found dorsal (posterior) linking to navigation Rat studies also found more 'place cells' Lesioned hippocampus with posterior in tact leads to retention of navigation
What does this mean for neuroscience? Evidence for functional specialisation found Anterior may be involved in encoding (although not larger) Raises questions about laterality - perhaps other areas of hippocampus complement with ability to make and link visual memories relating to place
Study limitations? Sample size was small Heterogeneity issues Confounds relating to weight and lifestyle
Created by: robhargreaves
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