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PSYCH CH 10
FLASHCARDS FOR NOTEBOOK
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Thinking(cognition) 1.mental 2. info 3.processing | Mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is processing information. |
| mental images 1. pictures 2. representation 3. objects/people/events | picture-like representations that stand in for objects ior events. |
| concepts 1.ideas 2.categories 3.class | ideas that represent a class or category of objects,evants or activities. |
| superordinate concept 1.general 2.concept 3 fruit | the most general form of a type of concept, such as "animal" or "fruit" |
| basic level type 1.concept 2.organization 3.similar | example of a type of concept around which other similar concepts are organized, such as dog or cat. |
| subordinate concept 1 add-ons 2.concepts | the most specific category of a concept, such as one's pet dog or a pear in one's hand. |
| formal concept 1. specific 2. rules 3. detailed | concept that is defined by specific rules or features. |
| natural concept 1.context(real world) 2. experiences | formed as a result if someone's experiences in the real world. |
| prototype 1. model 2.similar 3. concept | an example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of a concept. |
| problem solving 1. goal 2. solution 3. issues | process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways. |
| trial and error 1. experiment 2. Rube Goldberg 3. problem solving | problem-solving method in which one possible solution after another is tried until a successful one is found. |
| algorithm 1. following directions 2.procedure | a very specific, step-by-step procedure for solving a certain type of problem. |
| heuristic 1 Rule of Thumb 2. Experience 3. guess | an educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down the possible solutions for a problem |
| representatives heuristic 1. share 2. object 3. others | the tendency to believe that any object that shares characteristics with the members of a particular category is also a member of that category. |
| subgoaling 1. break-down 2. goals 3. small | process of breaking a goal down into smaller goals, |
| means-end analysis 1.goal 2. beginning 3.reduction | heuristic in which the difference between the starting situation and the goal is determined and then steps are taken to reduce that difference. |
| artificial intelligence 1. nonhuman 2.machine 3. thinking | the creation if a machine that can think like a human. |
| functional fixedness 1. thinking 2, typical | a block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions. |
| mental set 1.patterns 2. past 3. persistence | tendency for people ti persist in using probem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past. |
| confirmation bias 1, disregard 2. search 3. evidence | the tendency to search for evidence that fis one's beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs. |
| creativity 1. inspiration 2. variation 3. differences | the process of solving problems by combining ideas or behavior in new ways. |
| Convergent thinking 1. one solution 2.variation | a problem is seen as having only one answer, and all lines of thinking will eventually lead to that single answer, using previous knowledge and logic. |
| divergent thinking 1 starting point 2. build up 3. single answer | type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point. |
| conjunction fallacy 1. error 2 specific 3. higher probability | the error if believing specific conditions are more probable than a single general one. |
| availability heuristic 1. estimate 2. probability\ 3. instances | tendency to estimate the probability of a certain condition or event based on how many similar instances we can recall. |
| anchoring effect 1. consideration 2. all possibilities | the tendency to consider all of the info available even when it is irrelevant. |
| gambler's fallacy 1.occurrence 2. recent 3. odds(chances) | The belief that the chance of something occurring depends on whether it has recently occurred. |
| loss aversion 1. sensitive 2. pontential 3. actual | the tendency to be more sensitive to actual or potential losses than to gains. |
| intelligence 1. learn 2. experience 3. adapt | the ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively iin adapting to new situations or solving problems. |
| g factor 1 general 2. reason 3. solve | ability to reason and solve problems, or general intelligence |
| s factor 1. specific 2. excel | the ability to excel in certain areas, or specific intelligence |
| triarchic theory of intelligence 1. three' 2. Sternberg 3. intelligence | Sternberg's theory that there are three kinds of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical |
| analytical intelligence 1. break down 2. analyze 3, components | the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving |
| creative intelligence 1.variation 2. inspiration 3.problem solving | the ability to dea with new and different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems. |
| pratical intelligence 1.informaion 2.succeed 3. career | the ability to use information to get along in life and become successful |
| emotional intelligence 1.awareness 2.management 3.empathise | the awareness of and ability to manage one's own emotions as well as the ability to be self-motivated, empathise and socially skilled. |
| standardization 1. ACT 2. SAT 3. Test | process of giving a test to a large group of people that represents the population for whom the test is designed. |
| mean 1. average 2. scores 3. group | the average score within a group of scores. |
| Standard deviation 1. average 2. variation 3. mean | statistical measure of the average variation from the mean score. |
| developmentally delayed 1. learning deficiency 2.abnormal 3. development | condition in which a person's behavioral and cognitive skills exist at an earlier developmental stage than the skills of others who are the same chronological age. |
| gifted 1 IQ 2. intelligence 3. population | term used to describe the 2% of the population falling on the upper end of the normal curve and typically an IQ of 130 or above. |
| IQ 1. intelligence 2.age 3.mental age | number representing a measure of intelligence resulting from the division of one's mental age by one's chronological age and then multiplying that quotient by 100. |
| deviation IQ scores 1. mean 2.standard deviation | type of intelligence measure that assumes that IQ is normally distributed around a mean of 100 with a standard deviation of about 15. |
| cultural bias 1.personalized 2. IQ test 3. variation | tendency of IQ tests to reflect in language, dialect, and content the culture of the test designers. |
Created by:
tconly
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