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Economics
Chapter 5 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Accommodative party systems | refers to party systems in which political leaders seek to bridge intense social divisions through power-sharing, broad coalition governments, and decentralization of sensitive decisions to separate social groups |
| Authoritarian party systems | a system in which parties seek to direct society |
| Closed-list PR systems | when the elected representatives are drawn from the top of the list of candidates, in declining order, and ordinary voters have no say about their candidates |
| Competitive party systems | a system in which parties primarily try to build electoral support |
| Conflictual party system | a system in which the legislature is dominated by parties that are far apart on issues or are antagonistic towards each other and the political system |
| Consensual party system | a system in which the parties commanding most of the legislative seats are not far apart on policies and have a reasonable amount of trust in each other and in the political system |
| Consociational | a democratic system designed to ease communal tensions via the principles of recognizing the existence of specific groups and granting some share of power in the central government to each, usually codified in specific legal or constitutional guarantees t |
| Double-ballot | majority runoff; a version of single-member district election in which voting happens in two stages |
| Duverger's Law | law of politics, formalized by Maurice Duverger, stating that plurality-rule electoral systems will tend to have two political parties |
| Effective number of parties | measurement that takes into account the number of parties in a country and their relative sizes |
| Electoral system | winner takes all |
| Exclusive governing party | a party which insists on almost total control over political resources. It recognizes no legitimate interest aggregation by groups within the party |
| Inclusive governing party | a party which recognizes and accepts at least some other groups and organizations, but may repress those that it sees as serious challenges to its own control |
| Institutional groups | formal groups that perform political or social functions in addition to interest articulation |
| Interest aggregation | combines different countries in which they rely on one another for resources, goods, or services |
| Iron law of oligarchy | states all organizations tend toward oligarchy rather than democracy |
| Majoritarian two-party systems | systems dominated by mainly two parties and that have election laws that give legislative control to one of the two parties |
| Majority runoff elections | a two-stage voting method in which a second round of voting ensues if no alternative receives a majority in the first round |
| Majority-coalition systems | where parties establish open pre-electoral coalitions so voters know which parties will attempt to work together to form a government |
| Mechanical effect | a mechanism that is to be found in a way that different electoral systems convert votes into seats |
| Median voter result | two party systems will exhibit a centrist pull or convergence |
| Military governments | states in which military forces control the government; they are most common in third world countries, where the military may be the only large modern institution |
| Multiparty systems | party systems in which more than two parties could potentially win a national election and govern |
| Open-list PR systems | voters give preference votes to individual candidates and then the most votes elects the candidates for each district |
| Party systems | a concept in political science that political parties control government |
| Patron-client networks | structures in which a central office holder or group provides benefits on to supporters in exchange for their support |
| Primary elections | election in which voters choose the candidates from each party who will run in the general election |
| Proportional representation (PR) | an election system in which each party running receives the proportion of legislative seats corresponding to its proportion of the vote |
| Psychological effect | lies in the fact that both voters and candidates anticipate the mechanical effect, therefore, voters don’t throw their support behind “hopeless” parties and candidates |
| Electoral authoritarianism | a facade of democracy and freedom in a political system and its elections |
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VKimbrell718
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