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Table 1-1
Human Development Chapter 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Table 1-1 | Typical Major Developments in Eight Periods of Development |
Age range: prenatal | conception to birth |
Age range: infancy and toddlerhood | birth to 3 years |
Age range: early childhood | 3 to 6 years |
Age range: middle childhood | 6 to 11 years |
Age range: adolescence | 11 to 20 years |
Age range: young adulthood | 20 to 40 years |
Age range: middle adulthood | 40 to 65 years |
Age range: late adulthood | 65 years and over |
Prenatal physical development | conception occurs, genetic endowment interacts with environmental influences, basic body structure and organs form, most rapid physical growth, vulnerability to environmental influences is great |
Prenatal cognitive development | abilities to learn, remember, respond to sensory stimuli developing |
Prenatal psychosocial development | fetus responds to mother’s voice, develops preference for it |
Infancy and Toddlerhood physical development | all senses and body systems operate at varying degrees, brain develops in complexity and highly sensitive to environment influence, physical growth and development of motor skills are rapid |
Infancy and Toddlerhood cognitive development | ability to learn and remember, use of symbols and ability to solve problems develop, comprehension and use of language develop rapidly |
Infancy and Toddlerhood psychosocial development | attachment to parents and others form, self-awareness develops, shift of dependence from others, interest in other children |
Early childhood physical development | steady growth, appetite diminishes, sleep problems common, motor skills and strength improve |
Early childhood cognitive development | egocentric, illogical ideas about world, memory and language improve, intelligence more predictable |
Early childhood psychosocial development | understanding of emotions more complex, self-esteem, independence/ initiative/ self control increase, gender identity develops, play becomes more imaginative/ elaborate/ social, aggression/ fearfulness common, family is social focus |
Middle childhood physical development | growth slows, strength/ athletic skills improve, best health of life, respiratory illness common |
Middle childhood cognitive development | egocentric diminishes, begin to think logically, memory and language increase, benefit from formal schooling, some children show special needs and strengths |
Middle childhood psychosocial development | self concept becomes more complex, peers assume central importance |
Adolescence physical development | physical growth and other changes are rapid and profound, reproductive maturity occurs, health risks arise from behavioral issues like eating disorders or drugs |
Adolescence cognitive development | ability to think abstractly and use scientific reasoning, some immature thinking, education focuses on college prep |
Adolescence psychosocial development | search for identity, good relationships with parents, peer group exerts positive or negative influence |
Young adulthood physical development | physical condition peaks then declines slightly, lifestyle choices influence health |
Young adulthood cognitive development | thought and moral judgment more complex, educational and occupational choices made, sometimes after period of exploration |
Young adulthood psychosocial development | personality becomes stable, personality influenced by life events, intimate relationships established but may not be long lasting, most marry, most become parents |
Middle adulthood physical development | slow deterioration of abilities and strength, women experience menopause |
Middle adulthood cognitive development | mental abilities peak, creative output decline but quality improve, career success or burnout |
Middle adulthood psychosocial development | sense of identity continues to develop, care for children and parents cause stress, possible empty nest |
Late adulthood physical development | most are healthy and active, physical abilities decline, slower reaction time |
Late adulthood cognitive development | most mentally alert, intelligence and memory deteriorate, find ways to compensate |
Late adulthood psychosocial development | retire, cope with loss and death, relationship with family and close friends can provide important support, search for meaning in life |