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Intelligences

QuestionAnswer
What is intelligence? The global capacity to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with the environment.
Who were the 6 famous men who endeavoured intelligences? Sir Francis Galton, Charles Spearman, Alfred Binet, Lewis Terman, David Wechsler, and Howard Gardner.
Who discovered that intelligence could be shown in different ways depending on one's environment? Sir Francis Galton.
Who endeavoured the 2 factor theory of intelligence? Charles Spearman.
Who compared the scores of normal developing children in IQ tests with the scores of 'retarded' children? Alfred Binet.
Who adapted the Simon-Binet scale in 1916? Lewis Terman.
Who developed tests which compared the scores of one individual with the average scores of a sample? David Wechsler.
Who came up with the theory of multiple intelligences? Howard Gardner.
What is the difference between general intelligence and specific intelligence? General intelligence is the notion that intelligence could be shown in different ways, depending on the environment. Specific intelligence is the ability of an individual to perform well on a specific area or ability.
What is the average IQ score? 100
Define mental age. The level of mental functioning in a child.
What are the 9 different intelligences? Linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinaesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existential.
List the current versions of Wechsler scales in Australia. WAIS-IV, WISC-V, and WPPSI-IV.
Explain the concept of emotional intelligence. The ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions. (Salovey and Mayer 1990).
What is the cultural bias of the intelligence tests? Average intelligence scores were received from white, educated, middle-class children. Minority groups haven't had the same educational level and life experiences.
What is sensation? A mental process (such as seeing, hearing, or smelling) resulting from the immediate external stimulation of a sense organ often as distinguished from a conscious awareness of the sensory process.
What is perception? The sensory experience of the world. It involves both recognizing environmental stimuli and actions in response to these stimuli.
What is selection? Selective attention is the process of focusing on a particular object in the environment for a certain period of time.
Explain how Wechsler's idea of intelligence differs from Spearman's. Wechsler's idea was based on fact rather than theory while Spearman's idea of intelligence was based on his finding that measures of different abilities correlated to be measured as the same thing: general intelligence.
Indicate why psychologists have to be specially trained to use individual intelligence tests. They must be able to put their client at ease while following detailed instructions on how to administer the test. They must also learn how to correctly score and interpret the test.
Explain the difference between sensation and perception. Sensation involves our sense organs receiving stimuli such as light and sound waves. These stimuli are transmitted to the brain for processing, where they are selected, organised and given meaning by the brain. Perception has occurred.
Created by: 22JCHAL
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