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Research Methods
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define quantitative data | Descriptive, and regards phenomenon which can be observed but not measured, such as language. |
| Define quantitative data | Information about quantities, and therefore numbers. |
| Define focus group | Qualitative research method in which a trained moderator conducts a collective interview of typically six to eight participants from similar backgrounds, similar demographic characteristics, or both |
| Define convenience sample | A sample in which research participants are selected based on their ease of availability. The researcher could recruit them directly from introductory psychology classes and did not need to venture into the wider community to conduct the research. |
| Define predictive validity | The extent to which performance on a test is related to later performance that the test was designed to predict. For example, the SAT test is taken by high school students to predict their future performance in college (namely, their college GPA). |
| Define reliability | The consistency of a research study or measuring test. For example, if a person weighs themselves during the course of a day they would expect to see a similar reading. If findings from research are replicated consistently they are reliable. |
| Define control group | A group composed of participants who do not receive the experimental treatment. These people are randomly assigned. They also closely resemble the participants who are in the experimental group or the individuals who receive the treatment. |
| Define operational hypothesis | Clearly defines what the variables of interest are and how the different variables are related to each other. This should also define the relationship that is being measured and state how the measurement is occurring. |
| Define dependent variable | The variable that is being measured or tested in an experiment. |
| Define independent variable. | The characteristic of a psychology experiment that is manipulated or changed by researchers, not by other variables in the experiment. |
| Define control variable | Variables that are not changed throughout the trials in an experiment because the experimenter is not interested in the effect of that variable being changed for that particular experiment. |
| A sample in psychological research: | Is representative of the population and allows generalisations of findings to the population. |
| Concurrent validity: | Is determined by the extent to which the test measures the same thing as other similar tests. |
| Archival data: | Use data previously collected by others. |
| Debriefing at the end of a study involves: | Giving participants full information about the purposes of the study and correcting mistaken ideas. |
| In an open-ended interview, participants: | Answer the question in any way they want. |
| Outline the major advantages of using archival research. | It is usually cheaper than gathering fresh data; it allows the examination of data gathered over a long period of time without it taking the researcher's lifetime; it allows access to very large-scale, representative data. |
| Compare qualitative and quantitative means of gathering data on attitudes. Provide examples of each. | Qualitative data on attitudes can be obtained through focus groups or through open-ended or fixed response interviews. Using this method to gather information about attitudes allows the researcher to determine how strongly the attitude is held. |
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22JCHAL
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