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Week 2 Psychology
Introduction to Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior. | Psychology |
| Psychologist | a professional practitioner or researcher in the field of psychology. |
| Psychology | the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behaviour. |
| A professional practitioner or researcher in the field of psychology. | Psychologist |
| The medical specialty devoted to the study and treatment of mental disorders. | Psychiatry |
| Psychiatry | the medical specialty devoted to the study and treatment of mental disorders. |
| A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. | Psychiatrist |
| Psychiatrist | a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. |
| Scientific discipline that studies mental states and processes and behaviour in humans and other animals. | Psychology |
| Main Branches/ Specialties of Psychology | Abnormal, Behavioral, Biological, Clinical, Cognitive, Community, Consumer, Counseling, Criminal, Cross-Cultural, Developmental, Educational, Engineering, Environmental, Experimental, Forensics Psychology |
| This area of psychology utilizes understanding of the human mind and behavior and applies it to the field of law. | Forensic Psychology |
| What do Forensic Psychology often perform | often perform tasks such as conducting child custody evaluations, assessing competency to stand trial, and testifying in criminal and civil cases. |
| This branch of psychology is an area concerned with understanding the human condition through the use of experimental methods. | Experimental Psychology |
| What type of topics/ subjects does Experimental Psychologists conduct for their research | subjects including memory, intelligence, sensation, perception, social behavior, emotions, personality, and much more. |
| This area of psychology is about understanding how humans interact with their environments | Environmental Psychology |
| Professionals who work in this field are often concerned with helping people interact better with her and firemen and creating spaces that are safe and more conducive to well-being. | Environmental Psychologists |
| This branch of psychology is an interdisciplinary field that incorporates ergonomics and human machine interactions. | Engineering Psychology |
| What is the goal of Engineering Psychology | often to make products and machines that people use regularly more user-friendly and safe. |
| Educational Psychology | branch of psychology is concerned with this the process of learning. |
| This branch of psychology often involves looking at both behavioral and cognitive methods of learning as well as the motivational, intellectual, and societal factors that impact the learning process. | Educational Psychology |
| The focus of this branch of psychology is centered on the study of development over the entire course of life. | Developmental Psychology |
| Professionals who work in this field often specialize in the working with a particular population such as young children, adolescents, or older adults. | Developmental Psychology |
| Cross-Cultural Psychology | studying both similarities and differences in cultures all over the world. |
| Criminal Psychology | focuses on understanding all aspects and influences of criminal behavior, including the myriad factors that contribute to criminal actions. |
| Professionals who work in this field study the thoughts, intentions, motivations, emotions, and behaviors of people who commit crimes | Criminal Psychology |
| This branch of psychology takes a special focus on functioning in areas related to social, emotional, family, vocational, and developmental well-being. | Counseling Psychology |
| Counseling Psychology | this field is devoted to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental health issues. |
| Consumer Psychology | centers on using psychological principles to understanding consumer behavior. |
| Professionals who work in this branch of psychology utilize their knowledge to help businesses understand what motivated consumers to buy products and services. | Consumer Psychology |
| Community Psychology | devoted to understanding the individual’s relationship with his or her community as well as how that community fits in with the larger society. |
| This branch of psychology is concerned with looking at mental processes that underlie behavior including thinking, perception, problem-solving, decision-making, memory, and attention. | Cognitive Psychology |
| This field is known as one of the single largest areas of employment within psychology. | Clinical Psychology |
| What do you call to those psychologists who typically work directly in mental health treatment and work with patients who experience some form of mental illness, psychological distress, or emotional disturbance. | Clinical Psychology |
| What does biological psychology focuses | focuses on how biological influences, specifically the brain and nervous system, influence the human mind and behavior. |
| This area of psychology also often involves using imaging tools such as MRI and PET scans to look at the brain to determine which areas are activated when particular tasks are performed. | Biological Psychology |
| Also known as behaviorism, this area of psychology is devoted to the study of observable behaviors and how learning takes place via conditioning processes. | Behavioral Psychology |
| What are the important behavioral concepts | include classical conditioning, which involves learning through associations, and operant conditioning, which involves learning as a result of consequences. |
| Abnormal Psychology | seeks to identify, understand, and treat behavioral, thought, and emotional patterns that are considered abnormal and maladaptive. |
| It remains as the most commonly sought and prescribed treatments | Psychotropic medication |
| Symptoms of mental illness and distress stem from what factors | biological and environmental factors |
| They conduct research on a wide range of mental conditions and treatment approaches, and produces and periodically revises classification systems such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders | Psychiatrists |
| What are the 2 divisible parts of Psychology | a Large Profession of practitioners, and a Smaller Profession but growing science of mind, brain, and social behaviour. |
| What are the different theories in psychology | THE THEORY OF COMPENSATION, DEFEAT AND OVER-COMPENSATION, ATTACHMENT THEORY, INSECURITY -ATTACHMENTS, LEARNING THEORYPSYCHO ANALYTICAL THEORY, SELF ACTUALIZATION THEORY, PERSON CENTERED THEORY, COPING SKILLS THEORY |
| Hedonism | is a school of thought which argues that pleasure is the only intrinsic good |
| Psychological Hedonism | is a descriptive position is understood, the basic assumption is that the final person only striving for pleasure or joy. |
| According to Adler a person has to combat or confront three forces. What are these | Societal, love-related, and vocational forces. |
| Whenever a person suffers from any disadvantages that make him or her inferior to others, his or her main aim becomes to bring those disadvantages to an end. | Compensation |
| Defeat/Resignation | those who give in to their disadvantages and become reconciled to them. |
| They end up over-indulging in the pursuit | Over-compensation |
| THE THEORY OF COMPENSATION, DEFEAT AND OVER-COMPENSATION | Alfred Adler |
| JOHN BOWLBY | ATTACHMENT THEORY |
| The emotional tone between children and their caregivers | Attachment |
| Concerns the mother's feelings for her infant and differs from attachment | Bonding |
| When does bonding occurs | occurs when there is skin to skin contact between the two or other forms of contact. |
| How many Phases are there in Phases of Attachment | 4 Phases |
| What are the Phases of Attachment | Pre-attachment stage, Attachment in the making, Clear-cut attachment , (25 months and beyond) |
| What Phase of Attachment is (6 through 24 months) | 3rd Phase |
| What Phase of Attachment is (birth to 8 or 12 weeks) | 1st Phase |
| What Phase of Attachment is (8 to 12 weeks to 6 months) | 2nd Phase |
| What Phase of attachment is when the mother figure is seen as independent, and a more complex relationship between the mother and the child develops. | 4th Phase |
| What Phase of attachment is when infants cry and show other signs of distress when separated from the caretaker or mother; | 3rd Phase |
| What Phase of attachment is when Infants become attached to one or more persons in the environment | 2nd Phase |
| Babies orient to their mothers, follow them with their eyes over a 180-degree range, turn toward and move rhythmically with their mother's voice. | 1st Phase |
| What do you call the first phase in the phases of attachment | Pre-attachment stage |
| What do you call the third phase in the phases of attachment | Clear-cut attachment |
| What do you call the second phase in the phases of attachment | Attachment in the making |
| What theory MARY AINSWORTH made that is related to attachments | INSECURITY -ATTACHMENTS |
| Tends to avoid close contact with people and lingers near caregivers rather than approaching them directly when faced with a threat | Insecure Avoidant |
| What are the 3 types of Insecurity in Insecurity - Attachments | Insecure Avoidant, the insecure ambivalent, Insecure disorganized |
| tend to behave in bizarre ways when threatened | Insecure disorganized |
| The insecure ambivalent | this is when child finds exploratory play difficult, even in the absence of danger, and clings to his or her inconsistent parents |
| Is acquiring new, or modifying existing, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of information. | Learning |
| What are the 2 conditioning in Learning theory | Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning |
| What condition is this: Event +Time = association of event to time | Classical Conditioning |
| What condition is this: Learning is result of action's consequence | Operant Conditioning |
| What is SIGMEUND FREUD theory | PSYCHO ANALYTICAL THEORY |
| What is the Center of the theory of Sigmeund Freud | Unconscious ” The thoughts , attitudes, impulses, wishes, motivations and emotions of which we are unaware of. |
| This theory expressed in dreams , slips of the tongue(parapraxes) and mannerisms and uses free association. | PSYCHO ANALYTICAL THEORY |
| SELF ACTUALIZATION THEORY | Abraham Maslow |
| How many levels are there in Maslow's Hierarchy of needs | 5 levels (Physiological needs, Safety and Security, Love and Belongingness, Self-esteem, Self Actualization |
| What does David Premack's Principle states | states that a commonly occurring action (one more desirable for the actor) can be used effectively as a reinforcer for a less commonly occurring one (that is, one less desirable for the actor). |
| What is Carl Rogers Theory | PERSON CENTERED THEORY |
| This Provide patients with an opportunity to develop a sense of self wherein they can realize how their attitudes, feelings and behavior are being negatively affected and make an effort to find their true positive potential. | PERSON CENTERED THEORY |
| Core Conditions of Person Centered Theory | Empathy, Unconditional Positive Regard, Congruence |
| WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS THAT WE ENCOUNTERED IN REHABILITATION | Escape or avoidance and aggression, Problems in motivation, No transfers of learned behavior |
| 2 Independent Parameters of Coping Skills Theory | Focus-oriented theories (trait and state), Approach-oriented theories (microanalytic and macro-analytic) |
| Approach-oriented theories (microanalytic and macro-analytic) | revolve around how concrete or abstract the coping mechanisms are |
| Focus-oriented theories (trait and state) | coping recognize a person’s internal resources and mental capacities for evaluating how well he can adapt to a situation. |
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