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WGU-AGO1
AMERICAN GOV AND POLITICAL SCIENCE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CLASSICAL LIBERALISM | *PEOPLE ARE EQUAL BY NATURE *INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS SUPERSEDE COMMUNITY OBLIGATIONS *LIMITED GOVERNMENT *FAVORED VIRTUALLY NO GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION *LIBERTY OF INDIVIDUALS (RIGHTS) |
| CLASSICAL CONSERVATISM | *THOSE BORN INTO PRIVILEGE HAVE A DUTY TO HELP THE LESS FORTUNATE *PEOPLE ARE UNEQUAL BY NATURE *COMMUNITY OBLIGATIONS SUPERSEDE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS |
| REALISM (REALISTS) | PESSIMISTIC ABOUT HUMAN NATURE, HUMANS ARE AGGRESSIVE AND SELF-SERVING,SKEPTICAL ABOUT CHANGES,HUMAN NATURE CAUSES CONFLICT, NATIONS OPERATE IN THEIR OWN BEST INTEREST, POLITICS IS A STRUGGLE FOR POWER. MORE SCIENTIFIC |
| REPUBLIC | A GOVERNMENT IN WHICH ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES MAKE THE DECISIONS. A GOVERNMENT WHOSE HEAD OF STATE IS NOT A MONARCH. |
| LIBERALISM | OPTIMISTIC ABOUT HUMAN NATURE, PEOPLE HAVE INTERESTS THAT ARE MUTUAL, STATE GREED CAUSES CONFLICT, POLITICAL EMPHASIS IS ON PRINCIPLES. PEOPLE SHOULD BE FREE INDIVIDUALS AND HAVE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS. |
| WHAT ARE THE FIVE CORE PRINCIPLES OF DEMOCRACY? | VALUES, THE RULE OF LAW, POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY, RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES, & ECONOMIC WELL-BEING |
| THE RULE OF LAW | THE LEGAL AUTHORITY OF THE LAW, NO ONE IS ABOVE THE LAW (NOT EVEN A POLITICAL LEADER). |
| REPUBLICANISM | A FORM OF SELF GOVERNMENT WITH AN EMPHASIS ON CITIZEN OR CIVIC VIRTUE. *DOES NOT REQUIRE A WRITTEN CONSTITUTION *DOES NOT PROMOTE SPECIFIC DEFINED INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS. |
| WHAT DOES COMPARATIVE POLITICS EXAMINE? | PUBLIC POLICY, POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, POLITICAL CULTURE OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES, AND THE STUDY OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF GOVERNMENT. |
| DEMOCRACY | PLACES PEOPLE ABOVE THE GOVERNMENT. PEOPLE HAVE THE RIGHT TO DETERMINE WHO GOVERNS THEM. |
| WHAT ARE THE THREE MAIN COMPONENTS TO DEMOCRACY? | 1. GOVERNMENT MUST EMANATE FROM THE PEOPLE 2. GUARANTEED CIVIL RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES 3. ECONOMIC WELL-BEING OF THE POPULATION |
| AUTHORITARIANISM (DICTATORSHIP) | PLACES THE GOVERNING AUTHORITIES ABOVE THE PEOPLE. THE PEOPLE HAVE LITTLE, OR NO SAY IN WHO GOVERNS THEM OR HOW THEY ARE GOVERNED. |
| WHAT TYPES OF GOVERNMENT IS AUTHORITARIAN? | 1. MONARCHY (KING, QUEEN, EMPEROR, & PRINCE) 2. DICTATORSHIP 3. TOTALITARIANISM (MOST EXTREME) |
| THEOCRACY | A STATE RUN BY RELIGIOUS AUTHORITIES. |
| MONARCHY | GOVERNANCE BY A HEREDITARY, UNELECTED LEADER, OFTEN BASED ON PERCEIVED DIVINE RIGHT. |
| BUREAUCRAT | VIEW THAT THE GOVERNMENT IS DOMINATED BY APPOINTED OFFICIALS. |
| ELITE | PERSONS WHO POSSESS A DISPROPORTIONATE SHARE OF SOME VALUED RESOURCE, LIKE MONEY OR POWER. |
| LEGITIMACY | POLITICAL AUTHORITY CONFERRED BY LAW OR BY A STATE OR NATIONAL CONSTITUTION. |
| OLIGARCHY | GOVERNMENT BY A SMALL ELITE GROUP. |
| ANARCHY | NO GOVERNMENT AND NO LAWS. |
| FASCISM | AN AGGRESSIVE NATIONALISM THAT GLORIFIES ONE'S OWN PEOPLE ABOVE ALL OTHERS; INTENSE RACISM; AND DEVOTION TO AN ALL POWERFUL HEAVILY MILITARIZED STATE. *HYPERNATIONALISM *RACISM *TOTALITARIANISM *MASS MOBILIZATION *ADOLF HITLER, SADDAM HUSSEIN |
| POWER | THE ABILITY OF ONE PERSON TO GET ANOTHER PERSON TO ACT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FIRST PERSONS INTENTIONS. |
| CAPITALISM | PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF BUSINESSES; OR PRIVATE ENTERPRISE. |
| MIXED REGIMES | COMBINE ELEMENTS OF DEMOCRACY AND AUTHORITARIANISM. |
| COERCION | MEANS THE USE OF FORCE OR THE THREAT TO USE IT. |
| FIVE MAIN SOURCES OF POLITICAL CONFLICT | POWER, RESOURCES, IDENTITY, IDEAS, AND VALUES. |
| CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMY | THE GOVERNMENT OWNS AND OPERATES THE ENTIRE ECONOMY. |
| SOCIAL DEMOCRACY | EMPHASIZES THE COLLECTIVE WELFARE OF SOCIETY AS A WHOLE. |
| LIBERAL DEMOCRACY | EMPHASIZED THE FREEDOM OF THE INDIVIDUAL. |
| SOCIALISM | A political and economic system characterized by government ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods and services in order to achieve economic goals of relative income equality. |
| KARL MARX THEORY | A SOCIALIST SOCIETY WOULD NOT REQUIRE ANY GOVERNMENT AT ALL AND THE BREAKUP OF SOCIAL CLASSES IS WHAT WOULD CAUSE THE SOCIAL MOVEMENT. |
| TOTALITARIANISM | A STATE IN WHICH THE GOVERNMENT MONOPOLIZES CONTROL OVER ALL INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT, EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS, THE MEDIA, SCIENCE, ARTS AND RELIGIONS. |
| PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT | THE GOVERNMENT IS SELECTED IN A TWO-PART PROCESS: 1. THE PEOPLE ELECT THE NATIONAL LEGISLATURE 2. THE NATIONAL LEGISLATURE ELECTS THE GOVERNMENT. |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT | 1. THERE IS A FUSION OF POWERS BETWEEN BRANCHES. 2. THE GOV. STEMS FROM THE LEGISLATURE AND IS ACCOUNTABLE TO IT. 3. THE LEGISLATURE CAN VOTE THE GOV. OUT OF OFFICE. 4. THE GOV. MUST PRESENT AND DEFEND ITS POLICIES BEFORE THE LEGISLATURE. |
| DIRECT ELECTION | voters directly casts ballots for the person they chose to win the election. |
| ELECTORAL COLLEGE SYSTEM | VOTERS IN EACH STATE CHOOSE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS, WHO IN TURN ELECT THE PRESIDENT. THE NUMBER OF ELECTORS ASSIGNED TO EACH STATE VARIES WITH THE SIZE OF ITS POPULATION AND EQUALS THE NUMBER OF DELEGATES IT SENDS TO THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES + 2. |
| UNICAMERAL LEGISLATURE (SINGLE-MEMBER DISTRICT/PLURALITY METHOD) WINNER TAKE ALL SYSTEM | CONSISTS OF ONLY ONE HOUSE AND THE COUNTRY IS DIVIDED INTO ELECTORAL DISTRICTS FOR ELECTIONS TO A PARTICULAR LEGISLATIVE CHAMBER. (U.S., U.K.)ONE PERSON IS ELECTED TO REPRESENT EACH DISTRICT. |
| WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF OF SINGLE MEMBER DISTRICT? (SMD) | 1. RELATIVE SIMPLICITY 2. PROMOTES NAME RECOGNITION |
| WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF SINGLE MEMBER DISTRICT? | 1. DISPARITIES BETWEEN A PARTY'S SHARE OF THE VOTE ON A NATIONWIDE BASIS AND ITS SHARE OF THE SEATS IN THE LEGISLATURE. 2. PUNISHES SMALL PARTIES. 3. A RESULT THAT IS FAIR AT THE LOCAL LEVEL MIGHT NOT BE FAIR AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL. |
| PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION ELECTIONS | A PARTY'S SHARE (PERCENTAGE) OF ITS SEATS IN THE LEGISLATURE EXACTLY OR APPROXIMATELY EQUALS ITS SHARE OF THE POPULAR VOTE NATIONWIDE. |
| WHAT ARE THE THREE LEADING MODELS OF REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY? | 1. PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM 2. PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM 3. PRESIDENTIAL-PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM |
| FEDERAL SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT | LEGAL AUTHORITY SHARED BETWEEN NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AND THE FIFTY STATES. |
| WHAT ARE THE THREE MAIN INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT ON THE NATIONAL LEVEL? | 1. PRESIDENCY (CENTER PIECE OF EXECUTIVE BRANCH) 2. CONGRESS (NATIONAL LEGISLATURE WHICH CONSISTS OF TWO HOUSES. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND THE SENATE) 3. SUPREME COURT (HIGHEST JUDICIAL AUTHORITY) |
| WHAT ARE THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE U.S.'S FORM OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT? | 1. THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS ARE ELECTED SEPARATELY 2. LAWMAKING DEPENDS ON A BALANCE OF CONGRESSIONAL AND PRESIDENTIAL POWERS 3. THE SUPREME COURT MAY STRIKE DOWN LAWS AS UNCONSTITUTIONAL. 4. THE PRES., CONG., AND STATES CAN TOGETHER OVERRIDE S.C |
| WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF THE FEDERAL SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT? | NEITHER THE PRESIDENT, THE CONGRESS, NOR THE SUPREME COURT CAN DOMINATE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. |
| DEMOCRATIZATION | THE PROCESS OF A COUNTRY TO GO FROM NONDEMOCRATIC TO DEMOCRATIC FORMS OF GOVERNMENT. |
| MODERN DEMOCRACY | GOVERNMENT BY ELITES WHO ARE ACCOUNTABLE TO THE PEOPLE. |
| HOW IS THE U.S. A REPUBLIC? | THE ELECTED OFFICIALS MAKE THE DECISIONS. THE HEAD OF GOVERNMENT IS NOT A MONARCH. |
| WHAT ARE THE TEN CONDITIONS FOR DEMOCRACY TO SUCCEED? | 1. ELITES COMMITTED TO DEMOCRACY 2. STATE INSTITUTIONS 3. NATIONAL UNITY 4. NATIONAL WEALTH 5. PRIVATE ENTERPRISE 6. MIDDLE CLASS 7. SUPPORT OF THE DISADVANTAGED 8. CITIZEN PARTICIPATION 9. EDUCATION AND FREEDOM OF INFO. 10. INTERNATION |
| WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF HAVING A PARLIAMENTARY FORM OF GOVERNMENT? | 1. QUICKER LEGISLATIVE ACTION 2. POWER IS MORE DIVIDED 3. POWER IS MORE EVENLY DISTRIBUTED 4. HAS LOWER CORRUPTION |
| WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF HAVING A PARLIAMENTARY FORM OF GOVERNMENT? | 1. Equal balance of power 2. Diminished minority rights; majority rules 3. |
| WHAT IS MARXISM? | HISTORY IS DETERMINED BY ECONOMICS.Marx asserted that economic crises will result in increased poverty, which in turn, will inspire the working class (proletariat) to revolt, ousting the capitalists (bourgeoisie). According to Marx, once the working class |
| AUTOCRACY | A FORM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH ONE PERSON POSSESSES UNLIMITED POWER. HITLER, STALIN, HUSSEIN WERE AUTOCRATS |
| REPUBLICANISM AS A THEORY OF GOVERNMENT | THE PEOPLE PARTICIPATE IN INDIRECT DEMOCRACY BY VOTING FOR AT LEAST SOME OF THE OFFICIALS WHO REPRESENT THEM. |
| WHAT POWERS DOES THE PRESIDENT HAVE? | 1. SERVE AS COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE MILITARY 2. GRANT REPRIEVE AND PARDONS FOR FEDERAL OFFENSES 3. RECEIVE AMBASSADORS 4. APPOINT OFFICIALS TO LESSER OFFICES 5. HOLDS EXECUTIVE POWER |
| HOW DOES THE U.S. CONSTITUTION DELEGATE THE POWERS NECESSARY TO CONDUCT FOREIGN AFFAIRS? | 1. CAN DECLARE PEACE/WAR 2. DIRECT ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND TRADE 3. NEGOTIATE TREATIES |
| WHAT POWERS DO MOST PRESIDENTS HAVE TO CONDUCT FOREIGN POLICY TODAY? | 1. THE POWER TO DECLARE WAR/PEACE 2. TO MAKE TREATIES 3. TO MAINTAIN DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS |
| WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLE CONCEPTS STATED IN THE DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS? | 1. ALL PEOPLE ARE ENTITLED TO A NATIONALITY AND SHALL NOT BE DEPRIVED OF NATIONALITY OR REQUIRED TO CHANGE IT. 2. ALL PEOPLE ARE ENTITLED TO PARTICIPATE IN THE GOVERNMENT OF THEIR COUNTRY. |
| IN WHAT WAYS IS US FOREIGN POLICY DIFFERENT TODAY THAN DURING THE FIRST 100 YEARS OF THE NATION'S EXISTENCE? | THE US AVOIDED WORLD POLITICS BEFORE WHEREAS NOW THEY ARE CONSIDERED A WORLD LEADER ON FOREIGN POLICIES. |
| INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) | HELPS ENSURE EXCHANGE RATE STABILITY THROUGH LOANS TO DEVELOPING NATIONS, STABILIZES THE FLOW OF WORLD CURRENCY |
| WORLD BANK GROUP | PROVIDES LOANS TO SUPPORT ECONOMIC GROWTH IN DEVELOPING NATIONS. HAS FOUR ASSOCIATED AGENCIES: INTL. BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPEMENT (IBRD), INTL. DEV. ASSOC. (IDA), INTL. FINANCE CORP. (IFC), AND MULTI. INVESTMENT GUARANTEE AGENCY (MIGA) |
| WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO)OR OTHERWISE KNOWN AS GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE (GATT) | SPONSORS THE FREE FLOW OF COMMERCE THROUGH INTERNATIONAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS |
| GROUP OF 8 (G-8) | EIGHT OF THE MOST ECONOMICALLY POWERFUL NONCOMMUNITIST NATIONS THAT INFLUENCES INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ISSUES THROUGH ANNUAL SUMMIT MEETINGS, MEETINGS TO LIMIT GLOBAL WARMING INTERNATIONALLY |
| WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) | ADDRESS WORLD HEALTH ISSUES |
| UNIVERSALISTS | BELIEVE THAT ALL HUMANS POSSESS THE SAME RIGHTS AND THAT THEY ARE IMMUTABLE. RIGHTS ARE GRANTED BY A HIGHER POWER. |
| RELATIVISTS | a theory that conceptions of truth and moral values are not absolute but are relative to the persons or groups holding them |
| SOVEREIGNTY | GIVES COUNTRIES ABSOLUTE CONTROL OVER WHAT HAPPENS WITHIN THEIR BORDERS. |
| INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT | THE PERMANENT CRIMINAL COURT WITH JURISDICTION OVER GENOCIDE AND OTHER CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY. |
| INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE | THE WORLD COURT AGAINST CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY. |
| UNITED NATIONS | AN INTERNATIONAL GROUP CREATED TO MAINTAIN PEACE AROUND THE WORLD. |
| WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM | brings together top business leaders, international political leaders, selected intellectuals and journalists to discuss the most pressing issues facing the world, including health and the environment |
| FEDERALISM | POLITICAL AUTHORITY IS DIVIDED BETWEEN A NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AND SEVERAL STATE GOVERNMENTS. |
| STATE OF NATURE | HUMANITY BEFORE THE STATE'S FOUNDATION. IT IS A STATE WHERE HUMAN BEINGS ARE FREE TO PRESERVE THEMSELVES USING WHATEVER MEANS NECESSARY. |
| WHAT IS THOMAS HOBBES VIEWS ON THE STATE OF NATURE? | ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL MERELY BY BEING BORN HUMAN. |
| WHAT IS LOCKE'S VIEW ON THE STATE OF NATURE? | "The state of Nature has a law of Nature to govern it", and that law is Reason. Locke believes that reason teaches that "no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions"; and that transgressions of this may be punished. |
| WHAT IS ROUSSEAU'S VIEW ON THE STATE OF NATURE? | |
| WHAT ARE THE FIVE MAJOR SOURCES OF POLITICAL CONFLICT? | 1. POWER 2. RESOURCES 3. IDENTITY 4. IDEAS-IDEOLOGY 5. VALUES |
| GLOBALIZATION | INTEGRATION OF ECONOMICS, COMMUNICATIONS, AND CULTURE ACROSS ALL NATIONAL BOUNDARIES. |
| COMPARATIVE POLITICS | EXAMINES THE POLITICAL REALITIES IN COUNTRIES ALL OVER THE WORLD. IT LOOKS AT THE MANY WAYS GOVERNMENTS OPERATE AND THE WAYS PEOPLE BEHAVE IN POLITICAL LIFE. |
| WHAT ARE THE GOALS TO THE COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF POLITICS? | 1. TO WIDEN OUT UNDERSTANDING OF POLITICS IN OTHER COUNTRIES. 2. TO HELP US UNDERSTAND THE LINK BETWEEN DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS. 3. TO SEE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLITICS AND OTHER FIELDS OF STUDY. |
| LEGITIMACY | POLITICAL AUTHORITY CONFERRED BY LAW OR BY A STATE OR NATIONAL CONSTITUTION. THE WIDESPREAD ACCEPTANCE THAT THE GOVERNMENT HAS THE AUTHORITY TO MAKE DECISIONS. |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF GOVERNMENT IN FRANCE | MIXED PRESIDENTIAL-PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM. *DUAL EXECUTIVE*PRESIDENT IS COUNTRY'S HEAD OF STATE AND PRIME MINISTER IS HEAD OF GOVERNMENT. |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF GOVERNMENT IN JAPAN | COMMUNIST |
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