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Diseases Pituitary

MEDOP 230- Endocrinology: Diseases of the anterior/posterior pituitary gland

Direction of BodyDiseaseDefinitionNotes
Anterior Hyperpituitarism General term for hypersecretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. • Caused by presence of an adenoma. • Treatment is drug therapy to suppress hormone secretion or surgery to remove the adenoma followed by radiation therapy.
Anterior Hypopituitarism General term for hyposecretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. • Caused by injury or defect in the anterior pituitary gland. • Hyposecretion of all seven hormones is known as panhypopituitarism. • Treatment is drug therapy to replace the deficient hormones.
Anterior Galactorrhea Hypersecretion of prolactin due to an adenoma in the anterior pituitary gland results in production of milk even though the patient is not pregnant or nursing.
Anterior Failure of lactation Hyposecretion of prolactin due to a defect in the anterior pituitary gland prevents development of the milk glands during puberty and results in inability to breastfeed.
Anterior Gigantism Condition in which hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty causes excessive growth of bones and tissues.
Anterior Acromegaly Condition in which hypersecretion of growth hormone during adulthood causes a person’s facial features, jaw, hands, and feet to widen and enlarge.
Anterior Dwarfism Condition in which hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty causes a lack of growth and short stature, but with normal body proportions.
Posterior Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) Condition in which hypersecretion of ADH causes the kidneys to increase reabsorption of excessive amounts of water and some sodium. • Reabsorption dilutes the blood and causes a low blood sodium level. • Low blood sodium leads to headache, weakness, confusion, and coma.
Posterior Diabetes insipidus (DI) Condition in which hyposecretion of ADH causes the kidneys to decrease reabsorption of sodium and water. • Decreased reabsorption results in polyuria. • Water loss from polyuria leads to weakness and polydipsia.
Posterior Uterine inertia Condition in which hyposecretion of oxytocin causes weak and uncoordinated uterine contractions during childbirth. • Results in prolonged labor and delayed birth. • Postpartum hemorrhage may occur because the uterus does not contract properly.
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