MEDOP 230- Endocrinology: Diseases of the anterior/posterior pituitary gland
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| Anterior | Hyperpituitarism | General term for hypersecretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. | • Caused by presence of an adenoma.
• Treatment is drug therapy to suppress hormone secretion or
surgery to remove the adenoma followed by radiation therapy.
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| Anterior | Hypopituitarism | General term for hyposecretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. | • Caused by injury or defect in the anterior pituitary gland.
• Hyposecretion of all seven hormones is known as
panhypopituitarism.
• Treatment is drug therapy to replace the deficient hormones.
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| Anterior | Galactorrhea | Hypersecretion of prolactin due to an adenoma in the anterior pituitary gland | results in production of milk even though the patient is not
pregnant or nursing.
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| Anterior | Failure of lactation | Hyposecretion of prolactin due to a defect in the anterior pituitary gland | prevents development of the milk glands during puberty and results in
inability to breastfeed.
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| Anterior | Gigantism | Condition in which hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty causes excessive growth of bones and tissues. |
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| Anterior | Acromegaly | Condition in which hypersecretion of growth hormone during adulthood causes a person’s facial features, jaw, hands, and feet to widen and enlarge. |
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| Anterior | Dwarfism | Condition in which hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty causes a lack of growth and short stature, but with normal body proportions. |
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| Posterior | Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) | Condition in which hypersecretion of ADH causes the kidneys to increase reabsorption of excessive amounts of water and some sodium. | • Reabsorption dilutes the blood and causes a low blood
sodium level.
• Low blood sodium leads to headache, weakness, confusion,
and coma.
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| Posterior | Diabetes insipidus (DI) | Condition in which hyposecretion of ADH causes the kidneys to decrease reabsorption of sodium and water. | • Decreased reabsorption results in polyuria.
• Water loss from polyuria leads to weakness and polydipsia.
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| Posterior | Uterine inertia | Condition in which hyposecretion of oxytocin causes weak and uncoordinated uterine contractions during childbirth. | • Results in prolonged labor and delayed birth.
• Postpartum hemorrhage may occur because the uterus does not contract properly.
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