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Cosmetology

Skin Structure, Growth & Nutrition

TermDefinition
dermatologist Physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails.
dermatology Medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.
esthetician A specialist in the cleansing, beautification, and preservation of the health of skin on the entire body, including the face and neck.
stratum corneum Also known as horny layer; outer layer of the epidermis.
epidermis Outermost and thinnest layer of the skin; it is made up of five layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum.
callus Thickening of the skin caused by continued, repeated pressure on any part of the skin ,especially the hands and feet.
barrier function The complex of lipids between the cells that keep the skin moist by preventing water evaporation, and to guard against irritants penetrating the skin surface.
keratin Fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of hair and nails.
stratum lucidum Clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum.
stratum granulosum Also known as granular layer; layer of the epidermis composed of cells that look like granules and are filled with keratin; replaces cells shed from the stratum corneum.
dermis Also known as derma, corium, cutis, or true skin; underlying or inner layer of the skin.
stratum spinosum The spiny layer just above the stratum germinativum layer.
melanocytes Cells that produce the dark skin pigment called melanin.
stratum germinativum More commonly called the basal cell layer; deepest, live layer of the epidermis that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth.
Arrector pili muscles Small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh, sometimes called goose bumps, and papillae.
papillary layer Outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis.
reticular layer Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscles, sebaceous (oil) glands, and nerve endings.
tactile corpuscles Small epidermal structures with nerve endings that are sensitive to touch and pressure.
epidermal–dermal junction The top of the papillary layer where it joins the epidermis.
dermal papillae Singular: dermal papilla. Small, cone-shaped elevations at the base of the hair follicles that fit into the hair bulb.
Subcutaneous tissue Also known as adipose or subcutis tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for use as energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin.
Sensory nerve fibers Fibers of the sensory nerves that react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain. These sensory receptors send messages to the brain.
Motor nerve fibers Fibers of the motor nerves that are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles. Motor nerves carry impulses from the brain to the muscles.
melanin Tiny grains of pigment that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis.
pheomelanin A type of melanin that is red to yellow in color. People with light-colored skin mostly produce this type.
Secretory nerve fibers Regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweat glands and control the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin.
eumelanin A type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color. People with dark-colored skin mostly produce this type.
broad spectrum sunscreen Means that the sunscreen product has been shown to protect against both UV-A and UV-B radiation of the sun.
Collagen Fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength.
Elastin Protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue.
secretory coil Coiled base of the sudoriferous gland.
Sudoriferous glands Also known as sweat glands; excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals.
sweat glands They excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals.
Sebaceous glands Also known as oil glands; glands connected to hair follicles. Sebum is the fatty or oily secretion of the sebaceous glands.
Propionibacterium acnes Abbreviated P. acnes; technical term for acne bacteria.
acne vulgaris Also known as acne; a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and bacteria.
papule Also known as pimple; small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.
sebum A fatty or oily secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair.
closed comedo Also known as whitehead; a follicle impacted with dead cells and solidified sebum, appearing as a small white bump just under the skin surface.
Acne Also known as acne vulgaris; skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacteria.
open comedo Also known as blackhead; hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum.
pimple Also known as papule; small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.
Vitamin C An important substance needed for proper repair of the skin and tissues; promotes the production of collagen in the skin’s dermal tissues; aids in and promotes the skin’s healing process.
pustule Raised, inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion referred to as the “head” of the pimple.
Vitamin D Enables the body to properly absorb and use calcium, the element needed for proper bone development and maintenance. Also promotes rapid healing of the skin.
Vitamin E Helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun’s UV light.
Vitamin A Supports the overall health of the skin; aids in the health, function, and repair of skin cells; has been shown to improve the skin’s elasticity and thickness.
Created by: user-1509384
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