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DGIT: Pathology 2
Gastrointestinal pathology terms.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| emesis | vomiting |
| eructation | belching |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| hyperemesis | extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration |
| nausea | urge to vomit |
| regurgitation | the return of swallowed food into the mouth |
| celiac disease | an inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to foods containing gluten |
| colorectal carcinoma | cancerous tumor of the colon or rectum |
| polyp | a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane |
| diverticulosis | abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon |
| Diverticulitis | Inflammation of the diverticula resulting in sudden abd pain, cramping, nausea. |
| enteritis | inflammation of the small intestine |
| ischemic colitis | occurs when part of the large intestine is partially or completely deprived of blood |
| ileus | the partial or complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine- due to the stopping of normal peristalsis. |
| Irritable bowel syndrome | group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | the general name for diseases that cause inflammation in the intestines |
| ulcerative colitis | Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers affecting only the innermost lining. |
| Crohn's disease | A chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon and generally penetrates every layer of tissue. |
| intestinal obstruction | partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine caused by a physical obstruction |
| Clostridium difficile | A bacterial infection common to older adults in hospitals or long-term care facilities. Typically following use of antibiotics. |
| Dysentery | bacterial infection, occurs most frequently in hot countries where it is spread through food or water contaminated by human feces |
| E. coli | transmitted through contaminated foods that have not been properly cooked |
| bowel incontinence | the inability to control the excretion of feces |
| constipation | hard, dry stools that are difficult to pass |
| diarrhea | frequent passage of loose, watery stools |
| hemorrhoids | Cluster of veins, muscles, and tissue slip near or through anal opening. Veins become inflamed, painful, itching, bleeding. |
| hematochezia | Flow of bright red blood in stool. Damage to lower GI. |
| melena | passage black, tarry, and foul smelling stool. Damage to upper GI. |
| Steatorrhea | the presence of excess fat in the stool |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
| hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
| jaundice | yellow discoloration of skin, mucous membranes, and eyes. Caused by excess bilirubin in blood. |
| Hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by viral infection. |
| HAV | Highly contagious virus transmitted mainly through contamination of food and water with infected fecal matter. Vaccine is available. |
| HBV | Bloodborne, contacted with blood and other body fluids contaminated with this virus. Vaccine available. |
| HCV | Bloodborne, contacted with blood and other body fluids contaminated with this virus. Described as silent epidemic as it destroys the liver, before symptoms appear. No vaccine available. |
| cirrhosis | a chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring |
| cholelithiasis | gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts |
| biliary colic | pain caused by the passage of a gallstone through the bile duct |
Created by:
jfoote
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