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ENDO: Pathologies
Endocrine system pathologies.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acromegaly | Excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty. |
| Gigantism | Excessive growth hormone before puberty. |
| short stature | formerly known as dwarfism, is sometimes caused by deficient secretion of growth hormone |
| pituitary adenoma | tumor on the pituitary gland |
| Galactorrhea | condition in which an excess of prolactin causes the breasts to produce milk spontaneously, not due to childbirth |
| Prolactinoma | a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin |
| hyperpituitarism | the excess secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism |
| diabetes insipdus | -Caused by insufficient quantity of ADH. -Results in too much fluid excreted by kidneys. Sometimes as much as 20 quarts/day. -Can cause severe dehydration. |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| hyperglycemia | high blood sugar |
| polyphagia | excessive hunger |
| hypoglycemia | low blood sugar |
| diabetes mellitus | a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both |
| type 1 diabetes | an autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells |
| type 2 diabetes | insulin resistance disorder |
| prediabetes | a condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes |
| asymptomatic | without symptoms |
| oral hypoglycemics | lower blood sugar by causing the pancreas to release more insulin or increasing the body's sensitivity to insulin |
| glucophage | Metformin work within the cells to combat insulin resistance and to help insulin let blood sugar into the cells |
| Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) | A form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some pregnancies. This condition usually disappears after delivery; however many of these women have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in later life. |
| however many of these women have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in later life. | |
| diabetic coma | AKA diabetic ketoacidosis. Caused by very high blood sugar (hyperglycemia). |
| Insulin shock | Is caused by very low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) |
| diabetic retinopathy | occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina, causing blood to leak into the posterior segment of the eyeball, causing blindness |
| ketosis | condition resulting from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, in which the body has an abnormal concentration of ketone bodies resulting from excessive fat metabolism because the body is not producing enough insulin to convert glucose into energy. |
| peripheral neuropathy | damage to nerves in lower legs and hands as result of diabetes mellitus; symptoms include either extreme sensitivity or numbness and tingling |
| Addison's disease | -occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone -life threatening -characterized by chronic fatigue, muscle weakness, loss of appetite, low BP, wt loss |
| Cushing's syndrome | -a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol -rounded, red "moon" face |
Created by:
jfoote
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