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Week 6
Sensation and Perception - Psychology 1A
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sensation | the process by which the sense organs gather information about the environment |
| Perception | the process by which the brain selects, organises and interprets sensations |
| Psychophysics | branch of psychology that studies the relationship between attributes of the physical world and the psychological experience of them |
| Basic principles across all senses | - there is no one-to-one correspondence between physical and psychological reality - sensation and perception are active, not passive - sensory and perceptual processes reflect the impact of adaptive pressures over the course of evolution. |
| Transduction | the process of converting physical energy into neural impulses. |
| Sensory receptors | specialised cells in the nervous system that transform energy in the environment into neural impulses that can be interpreted by the brain |
| Absolute threshold | - the minimum amount of physical energy (stimulation) needed for an observer to notice a stimulus 50 percent of the time - can be affected by expectations, motivation, stress, and level of fatigue |
| Signal detection theory | asserts that judgements about the presence or absence of a stimulus reflect the observer's sensitivity to the stimulus and the observer's response bias |
| Response bias | in signal detection theory, the participant’s readiness to report detecting a signal when uncertain; also called decision criterion |
| Signal detection experiment responses | - hit = reporting an actual stimulus - correct rejection = reporting no stimulus when none was present - false alarm = reporting stimulus when none was present - miss = failure to report an actual stimulus |
| Difference threshold | the smallest difference in intensity between two stimuli that a person can detect |
| Just Noticeable Difference (JND) | - the smallest difference in intensity between two stimuli that a person can detect - depends on intensity of new stimulus as well as the level of stimulation already present |
| Weber's law | the perceptual law described by Ernst Weber that states that for two stimuli to be perceived as differing in intensity, the second must differ from the first by a constant proportion |
| Fechner's law | - the logarithmic relation between subjective and objective stimulus intensity - as one variable (subjective intensity) increases arithmetically, the other variable (objective intensity) increases geometrically |
| Stevens' power law | as the perceived intensity of a stimulus grows arithmetically, the actual magnitude of the stimulus grows exponentially |
| Sensory adaptation | - the tendency of sensory systems to respond less to stimuli that continue without change - 'turns down the volume' on information that would overwhelm the brain by reducing its perceived intensity to a manageable level |
| Subliminal perception | the tendency to perceive information outside our conscious awareness |
Created by:
KathrynT
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