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AP Psych Unit 1
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Wilhelm Wundt | Establishes 1st psych lab |
Edward Tichner | Introduced structuralism |
Charles Darwin | Father of natural selection and biological psychology |
William James | Introduced functionalism |
Mary Wilton Calkins | 1st female president of the APA |
B.F Skinner & John Watson | Behaviorists |
Sigmund Freud | Father of psychoanalysis |
Abraham Maslow & Carol Rogers | Humanists |
Behavioral Psychology | How we learn observable responses |
Biological Psychology | How the brain and body enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences |
Cognitive Psychology | How we encode, process, store, and retrieve info |
Evolutionary Psychology | How natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes |
Humanistic Psychology | How we achieve personal growth and self-fulfillment |
Psychodynamic Psychology | How behavior comes from unconscious drives and conflicts |
Social-Cultural Psychology | How behavior and thinking varies by society/culture |
Developmental Psychology | Studies physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout life span |
Educational Psychology | The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning |
Personality Psychology | The study of individuals' characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting |
Social Psychology | The study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another |
Industrial-Organizational Psychology | The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimize human behavior in workplaces |
Human Factors Psychology | Explores how people and machines interact |
Counseling Psychology | Assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well-being |
Clinical Psychology | Studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders |
Psychiatry | A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders |
Community Psychology | Studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups |
Structuralism | Identifying the elements of thought & mind |
Introspection | Looking inward to directly observe your psychological processes |
Functionalism | Structures of consciousness must serve a function |
Case Study | One individual or group is studied in depth over a period of time |
Naturalistic Observation | Observing & recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulating the situation |
Hindsight Bias | Tendency to believe after learning an outcome that one would have foreseen it |
Placebo Effect | The mind can trick us into seeing what we want to see |
Regression Towards the Mean | One extreme or unusual score offsets the other data |
Descriptive Statistics | Used to measure & describe characteristics of groups |
Histogram | Bar graph |
Inferential Statistics | Generalize from sample data the probability of something being true of a population |
Mean | Average |
Median | Middle number |
Mode | The number that occurs most often |
Self-Actualization | The realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potentialities |
Dorothea Dix | Created the first generation of American mental asylums |
Informed Consent | A patient must have sufficient information and understanding |
Correlation | A mutual relationship or connection between two or more things |
Scatter Plot | Displays values for typically two variables for a set of data |
Confounding Variable | A factor other than the one being studied that is associated both with the dependent variable and with the independent variable |
Validity | A concept is true |
Double-Blind Study | One in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment |
Positive/Negative Skew | When data favors positively or negatively |
Reliability | When a result can be trusted to be accurate |