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Psych Unit 3 Part 2
Parts of the Brain
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Cerebral Cortex | The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information processing center. |
Glial Cells | Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons; they may also play a role in learning and thinking. |
Frontal Lobes | Lies behind the forehead, involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements. |
Parietal lobes | At the top back of the head, receives sensory input for touch and body position. |
Occipital Lobes | At the back of the head; includes areas that receive information about the visual fields. |
Temporal Lobes | Above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving info primarily from the opposite ear. |
Motor Cortex | An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movement. |
Somatosensory Cortex | Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations. |
Association Areas | Areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking. |
Plasticity | The brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience. |
neurogenesis | The formation of new neurons. |
Corpus callosum | The large band of neural fibers connecting the two hemispheres and carrying messages between them. |
Split Brain | A condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain's two hemispheres by cutting the fibers (mainly the corpus callosum) connecting them, |
Consciousness | Our awareness of ourselves and our environment. |
Cognitive neuroscience | The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition. (Including perception, thinking, memory, and languages) |
Dual Processing | The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious sand unconscious tracks. |
Behavior Geneticists | The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior. |
Environment | Every external influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us. |
Chromosomes | Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes. |
DNA | A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. |
Genome | The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes. |
Identical Twins | Twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms. |
Fraternal Twins | Twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer that brothers and sisters but they share a fetal environment. |
Molecular Genetics | The subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes. |
Heritability | The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied. |
Interaction | The interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity). |
Epigenetics | The study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without DNA change. |
Evolutionary Psychology | The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection. |
Natural Selection | The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations. |
Mutations | A random error in gene replication that leads to a change. |