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Unit 2
Module 46: Prosocial Relations
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Prosocial Relations | Attraction Altruism Peace Making |
| Proximity | Proximity: Geographic nearness is a powerful predictor of friendship. Repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases their attraction (mere exposure effect). |
| Physical Attractiveness | Once proximity affords contact the next most important thing in attraction is physical appearance. |
| Similarity | Similarity: Having similar views between individuals causes the bond of attraction to strengthen. Positive correlation between similarity and liking Reward theory of attraction |
| Passionate Love | An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another usually present at the beginning of a love relationship (temporary). |
| Two-factor theory of emotion | Physical arousal plus cognitive appraisal Arousal from any source can enhance one emotion depending on what we interpret or label the arousal |
| Companionate Love | Deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. |
| Equity | A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it. |
| Self-disclosure | Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others. |
| Altruism | Unselfish regard for the welfare of others Kitty Genovese Case: Bystander Effect |
| Bystander Effect | Tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present. |
| Bystander Intervention | The decision-making process for bystander |
| Best Odds of Our Helping Someone Occur when | The victim appears to need and deserve help. The victim is in some way similar to us. Observed someone being helpful Know how to help Not in a hurry In a small town Feeling guilty Focused on others We are in a good mood. |
| Social Exchange Theory | Our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. |
| Reciprocity Norm | The expectation that we should return help not harm to those who have helped us. |
| Social-Responsibility Norm | Largely learnt, a norm that tells us to help others when they need us even though they may not repay us in kind |
| Superordinate goals | Shared goals that override differences among people and require cooperation |
| Social Trap | Situation in which the conflicting parties, by each reationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior |
| Mirror-Image Perceptions | Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful views the other side as evil and aggressive These perceptions become self-fulfilling prophecies- a belief that leads to its own fulfillment |
| Contact | Helps when it is non-competitive parties of equal status |
| Cooperation | Superordinate goals are shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation |
| Communication | Communication and understanding is developed through talking to one another. Sometimes mediated with a third party. Mediators – third party participants that help facilitate communication |
| Graduation and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction (GRIT) | A strategy designed to decrease international tensions. One side recognizes mutual interests and initiates a small conciliatory act that opens the door for reciprocation by the other party. |
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hibba_rash
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