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SP3 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| transduction | conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies into neural impulses. |
| wavelength | distance from the peak of one wave to the next; influences hue in visual perception and pitch in audition. |
| Amplitude | height of a wave; influences brightness in visual perception and volume in audition |
| Cornea | the transparent layer forming the front of the eye. |
| Pupil | the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters. |
| Iris | a ring of muscle tissue that forms the color portions of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening. |
| Lens | the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina. |
| Accomodation | the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina. |
| retina | light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, contains receptor rods and cones plus neurons that begin the processing of visual information. |
| Rods | retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond. |
| Cones | receptors cells that are: concentrated near the center of the retina, function in well-lit conditions, detect fine details and color sensation. |
| Optic Nerve | the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain. |
| Blind Spot | point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye; contains no receptors cells. Creates a gap in our vision that is "filled" by the brain. |
| Retinal Disparity | a binocular cue for perceiving depth: By comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes distance—the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object. |
| Color Constancy | perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the objects |
| Fovea | the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster. |
| Feature detectors | nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimuli, such as shape, angle, or movement. |
| Parallel Processing | processing several aspects of a problem simultaneously; brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions |
| Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory | retina contains three different color receptors (red, green, blue) which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color. |
| opponent-process theory | opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision; useful for explaining the phenomenon of "after-images" |
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Kira_A
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