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Geo ch.8
Political Geography
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| state | an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs |
| microstates | states with very small land areas |
| China | People’s Republic of China |
| Taiwan | Republic of China |
| Fertile Crescent | arc between Persian Gulf and Mediterranean Sea |
| Mesopotamia | eastern Fertile Crescent, Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Iraq |
| city-state | a sovereign state that comprises a town and the surrounding countryside |
| nation | a large group of people who are united by common cultural characteristics |
| nation-state | a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular nation |
| self-determination | the concept that nations have the right to govern themselves |
| Versailles Peace Conference | leaders met after WWI to redraw the map of Europe |
| Isaiah Bowman | advisor to Woodrow Wilson, important in redrawing the map of Europe |
| James Fearon | measured how ethnically diverse each country is |
| Nakhichevan | separated from Azerbaijan by a 40-km corridor that belongs to Armenia |
| Lithuania | Roman Catholic, speak Balto-Slavic Indo-European language |
| Latvia | Lutheran, speak Baltic language |
| Estonia | Protestant, speak Uralic language related to Finnish |
| Dniester River | territory that used to be part of Ukraine, inhabitants oppose reuniting with Romania |
| Tajikstan | Civil war 1992-1997 between Tajiks (former Communists) and Muslim fundamentalists and Western-oriented intellectuals |
| multinational state | a state that contains more than one nation |
| colony | a territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than being completely independent |
| Puerto Rico | commonwealth of the US |
| Greenland | autonomous unit within the Kingdom of Denmark |
| Hong Kong and Macao | special administrative region of China |
| colonialism | an effort by one country to establish settlements in a territory and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles on that territory |
| colonial era | began in the 1400s when Europeans discovered the Americas |
| Berlin Conference of 1884-85 | Europeans decided to convert Africa into colonies |
| United Nations | the most important forum for cooperation among states |
| balance of power | a condition of roughly equal strength between opposing alliances |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | 1962: Soviet Union started building missile-launching sites in Cuba |
| Soviet Ambassador Valerian Zorin | denied that his country had placed missiles in Cuba |
| U.S. Ambassador Adlai Stevenson | dramatically revealed U.S. Department of Defense aerial photographs clearly showing preparations for Russian missiles in Cuba |
| Security Council | any one of the 5 members - China, France, Russia, the UK, and the US can veto a peacekeeping operation |
| democracy | a country in which citizens elect leaders and can run for office |
| autocracy | a country that is run according to the interests of the ruler rather than the people |
| anocracy | a country that is not fully democratic or fully autocratic, but rather displays a mix of the two types |
| unitary state | most power is placed in the hands of central government officials - common in Europe |
| federal state | strong power is allocated to units of local government - most of the world’s largest states - Russia, Canada, Brazil, India, and the United States |
| Fragile States Index | measures the relative stability of every country - fairness of the legal system, extent of youth unemployment, level of violence, and freedom to express diverse political views |
| weapon of mass destruction | a nuclear, biological, chemical, or other weapon that can kill and bring significant harm to a large number of humans or cause great damage to human-made structures, natural structures, or the biosphere |
| Saddam Hussein | employed chemical weapons against Kurds and Iranians during the 1980s |
| Operation Desert Storm | drove Iraq out of Kuwait |
| European Union (EU) | economic alliance in Europe, formed in 1958 with 6 members |
| Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) | economic alliance in Europe, formed in 1949 with 6 members - promoted trade and sharing natural resources - disbanded in 1991 |
| Brexit | the UK’s withdrawal from the EU in 2016 |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | military alliance in Europe - 16 states in Europe plus the US and Canada |
| The Warsaw Pact | military alliance in Europe - Communist Eastern European countries - disbanded in 1991 |
Created by:
imr36093
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