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Sensorimotor system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 principles of the sensorimotor function? | 1. Hierarchy organized 2. Motor output is guided by sensory input 3. learning and sensorimotor controls |
| How is the hierarchy organized? | the hierarchy is organized like a large company were the higher levels are focused on the complex function |
| How is the motor output guided by sensory input? | sensorimotor system monitors the external world and is able to adjust its own action |
| How can learning and sensorimotor control? | initially, actions under conscious control w/ practice becomes integrated sequence of action. it automatically adjusted w/out conscious regulation |
| What is the order of the general motor system? | association cortex, secondary motor cortex, primary order cortex, brain stem nuclei, spinal motor cortex |
| What is organization of the precentral gyrus of the frontal lope? | somotopically |
| How is the body represented on the motor homounculus? | diffusely |
| How is the body represented of the primary motor cortex? | disproportionately |
| What are the functions of the primary motor cortex? | each area receives feedback from muscles and joints. the neuron code perform direction of movements |
| How many areas are in the secondary motor cortex? | at least 8 |
| How many areas are in the premotor cortex? | 2 |
| How many areas are in the supplemental motor cortex? | 3 |
| How many areas are in the cingulate motor cortex? | 3 |
| What does the secondary motor cortex project to? | the primary motor cortex, each other, and the brain stem |
| What does the secondary motor cortex produce? | complex movements |
| What is the role of the secondary motor cortex? | the role is unclear |
| What doe the premotor areas of the secondary motor cortex encode? | spatial relations and program movements |
| What does the posterior partial association cortex provide info to? | where the body parts are in relation to the external world |
| Where are the inputs of the posterior partial association cortex come from? | visual, auditory, and somatosensory systems |
| What do the stimulations of the posterior partial association cortex make subjects feel? | they are performing an action |
| Where does the dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex receive info from? | the posterior partial association cortex |
| What does the dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex project to? | the secondary motor cortex, the primary motor cortex, and the frontal eye field |
| What is the dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex involve in? | assessment of the external stimuli |
| How doe the dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex work with the posterior partial association cortex? | decision making regarding the voluntary response initiation |
| What are mirror neurons? | a neuron will fire when either an individual makes a goal-direct movement or when an individual watches some else performing a goal-direct movements |
| What mechanism is mirror neurons? | social cognition |
| What does the cerebellum do? | it corrects deviations from intended movements |
| What is the structure of the cerebellum? | the subcortical sensorimotor |
| How much of the brain does the subcortical sensorimotor structure make up? | 10% of the brain mass, but over 1/2 of the brains neurons |
| What organizes the subcortical sensorimotor structure? | organized systemically into lobes |
| Where does the cerebellum receive information from? | input from the primary and secondary motor cortex, brain stem nuclei, somatosenory and vestibular systems |
| What does the basal ganglia do? | integrates and coordinates activity of sensorimoter structure |
| Where does the basal ganglia receive information from? | the cortex |
| Where does the basal ganglia send information to? | motor cortex via the thalamus |
| What does the basal ganglia help with? | sequence movements |
| What makes up the spinal motor circuits? | motor units and muscle |
| What makes up the motor units? | small units of motor activity, single motor neurons, and individual skeletal muscle cells |
| What makes up the muscle? | fibers that are bound together in the membrane that are attached to bone by tendon |
| How does muscle activate the motor end plate with acetylcholine? | motor neurons |
| What is the motor pool? | all motor neurons that innervate a single muscle |
| Why is the spinal motor circuits may react fast? | the contrast quickly and relax quickly, when fast are capable of greater force, fatigue fast, |
| Why is the spinal motor circuits may react slow? | capable of sustained contraction |
| What are the characteristics of the spinal motor circuits? | flexors/ extensors and synergistic/ antagonistic |
| How does the spinal motor circuits increase muscle tension? | recruit more motor neurons and increase firing rates of existing, combination |
| Golgi tendon organs | embedded in the tendon, they are sensitive to muscle tension, and are connected in series with muscle |
| Muscle spindles | connected in parallel with muscle tendon and are sensitive to muscle length |
| What do sensory neurons carry? | signals evolved by painful sensation |
| What do sensory neurons synapse on? | interneurons on flexors |
| How long does withdrawal occur? | 1.6 milsec |
| When does withdrawal occur? | Before information travels to the brain |
| What is reciprocal interactions? | when a muscle contracts, antagonist muscle relax |
| What mediated reciprocal interactions? | inhibitory interneurons |
Created by:
danimae44
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