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Associative Learning
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Respondent Behavior
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Myers Module 19

Operant Conditioning

QuestionAnswer
Associative Learning Learning that certain events occur together
Respondent Behavior behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus
Operant Conditioning type of learning where behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punishment
Operant Behavior behavior that operates on the environment
Operant Chamber (skinner box) contains a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer, with attached devices to record the animals rate of bar pressing or key pecking.
Learning a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience
Shaping a process in which reinforcers gradually guide an animal’s actions toward a desired behavior
Reinforcer any event that strengthens the behavior it follows
Positive Reinforcement increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli; adds desirable stimulus (hug, treat, etc.)
Negative Reinforcement increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli; removes an aversive stimulus (advil to remove/reduce pain)
Primary Reinforcer an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need
Conditioned Reinforcer a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; aka secondary reinforcer.
Continuous Reinforcement reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs
Partial (intermittent) Reinforcement reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement
Fixed ratio schedule a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses
Variable ratio schedule a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses
Fixed interval schedule a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed
Variable interval schedule a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals
Punishment an event that decreases the behavior that if follows
Cognitive map a mental representation of a layout of one’s environment
Latent learning learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it
Intrinsic motivation a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake
Extrinsic motivation a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment
Created by: tpetrali
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