Question
click below
click below
Question
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Myers Module 19
Operant Conditioning
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Associative Learning | Learning that certain events occur together |
Respondent Behavior | behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus |
Operant Conditioning | type of learning where behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punishment |
Operant Behavior | behavior that operates on the environment |
Operant Chamber | (skinner box) contains a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer, with attached devices to record the animals rate of bar pressing or key pecking. |
Learning | a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience |
Shaping | a process in which reinforcers gradually guide an animal’s actions toward a desired behavior |
Reinforcer | any event that strengthens the behavior it follows |
Positive Reinforcement | increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli; adds desirable stimulus (hug, treat, etc.) |
Negative Reinforcement | increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli; removes an aversive stimulus (advil to remove/reduce pain) |
Primary Reinforcer | an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need |
Conditioned Reinforcer | a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; aka secondary reinforcer. |
Continuous Reinforcement | reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs |
Partial (intermittent) Reinforcement | reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement |
Fixed ratio schedule | a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses |
Variable ratio schedule | a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses |
Fixed interval schedule | a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed |
Variable interval schedule | a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals |
Punishment | an event that decreases the behavior that if follows |
Cognitive map | a mental representation of a layout of one’s environment |
Latent learning | learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it |
Intrinsic motivation | a desire to perform a behavior for its own sake |
Extrinsic motivation | a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment |