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Disorders
personality and dissociative disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Personality disorder | condition in which personality traits appearing first in adolescence, are inflexible, stable, expressed in a wide variety of situations, and lead to distress or impairment |
| Borderline personality disorder | condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control |
| Psychopathic personality | condition marked by superficial charm, dishonesty, manipulativeness, self-centeredness, and risk taking |
| Antisocial personality disorder | condition marked by a lengthy history of irresponsible or illegal actions |
| Dissociative disorders | condition involving disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception |
| Depersonalization/derealization disorder | condition marked by multiple episodes of depersonalization, derealization, or both |
| Dissociative amnesia | inability to recall important personal information- most often related to stressful experience, that can’t be explained by ordinary forgetfulness |
| Dissociative fugue | sudden, unexpected travel away from home or the workplace, accompanied by amnesia for significant life events |
| Dissociative identity disorder | condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states that recurrently take control of the person’s behavior |
| Autism spectrum disorder | DSM-5 category that includes ASD and Asperger's disorder |
| attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | childhood condition marked by excessive inattention, impulsivity, and activity |
| Schizophrenia | severe disorder of thought and emotion associated with a loss of contact with reality |
| Delusions | strongly held fixed belief that has no basis in reality |
| psychotic symptoms | psychological problem reflecting serious distortions in reality |
| Hallucinations | sensory perception that occurs in the absence of an external stimulus |
| catatonic symptoms | motor problems, including holding the body in weird and rigid poses, curling up in a fetal position, and resisting simple suggestions to move |
| diathesis-stress models | perspective proposing that mental disorders are a joint product of a genetic vulnerability and stressors that trigger this vulnerability |
| Somatic symptom disorder | excessive anxiety about physical symptoms with a medical or purely psychological origin |
| Illness anxiety disorder | intense preoccupation with the possibility of a serious undiagnosed illness |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | continual feelings or worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability across many areas of life functioning |
| Panic attacks | brief, intense episode of extreme fear characterized by sweating, dizziness, light-headedness, racing heartbeat, and feelings of impending death or going crazy |
| Panic disorder | repeated and unexpected panic attacks along with either persistent concerns about future attacks or a change in personal behavior in an attempt to avoid them |
| Phobia | intense fear of an object or a situation that’s greatly out of proportion to its actual treat |
| Agoraphobia | fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or embarrassing or in which help is unavailable in the event of a panic attack |
| Social anxiety disorder | intense fear of negative evaluation in social situations |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a stressful event |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder | repeated and lengthy immersion in obsessions, compulsions, or both |
| Obsessions | persistent idea, thought, or urge that is unwanted, causing distress |
| Anxiety sensitivity | fear of anxiety-related sensations |
| Demonic model | mental illness as behaving strange influenced by evil spirts |
| Medical model | inapporiately trying to treat mental illness |
| Asylums | instiution for people with mental disorders |
| Moral treatment | nonjudgmental holistic way and kind approach to people with mental illness |
| Deinstitutionalization | freeing people in mental disorder centers and closing them |
| Labeling theorist | mental disorder diagnoses exert negative thoughts on oneselves |
| Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) | diagnostic system containing the APA criteria for mental disorders |
| Comorbidity | co-occurrence of two or more diagnoses within the same person |
| Categorical model | model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in kind rather than degree |
| Dimensional model | model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in degree rather than kind |
| Research domain criteria | a recently launched program of research designed to classify mental disorders in terms of deficits in brain circuitry |
| Involuntary commitment | procedure of placing some people with mental illnesses in a psyhiatric hospital based on their potential danger to themselves or others or their inability to care for themselves |
| Insanity defense | legal defense proposing that people shouldn’t be held legally responsible for their actions if they weren’t of “sound mind” when committing them |
| Prevalence | percentage of people within a population who have a specific mental disorder |
| Major depressive episode | episodes when your feel at your lowest point |
| Cognitive model of depression | depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations |
| Learned helplessness | the tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we can’t control |
| Manic episodes | dramatic elevated mood, decrease need for sleep, increase energy, inflated self-esteem, talkative, and irresponsible behavior |
| Bipolar disorder | history of at least one manic episode |
Created by:
Ceschley
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