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Ch 2: Methodolgy

Unit 1

TermDefinition
the tendency for people to exaggerate, after knowing that something occurred, how much they could have predicted it before it occurred hindsight bias
the technique whereby a researcher observes people & systematically records measurement/impression of their behavior observational method
the method by which researchers attempt to understand a group/culture by observing it from the inside, without imposing any preconceived notions they might have ethnography
the study of human cultures & societies cultural anthropology
a form of the observational method in which the researcher examines the accumulated documents or archives of a cultures archival analysis
the technique whereby 2+ variables are systematically measured & the relationship between them is assessed correlational method
a statistical technique that assess how well you can predict one variable from another correlation coefficient
research in which a representative sample of people are asked (anonymously) questions about their attitudes or behavior surveys
a way of ensuring that a sample of people is representative of a population by giving everyone in the population an equal chance of being selected for the sample random selection
the method in which the researcher randomly assigns participants to different conditions & ensures that these conditions are identical except for the independent variable experimental method
the variable a researcher changes/varies to see if it has an effect on some other variable independent variable
the variable a researcher measures to see if it is influenced by the IV; the researcher hypothesizes that the dependent variable will depend on the level of the IV dependent variable
keeping everything but the independent variable the same in an experiment; IV influences the dependent variable internal validity
a process ensuring that all participants have an equal chance of taking part in any condition of an experiment random assignment to condition
a number, calculated with statistical techniques, that tells researchers how likely it is that the results occurred by chance & not from the independent variable probability level
the extent to which the results can be generalized to other situations/ to other people external validity
he extent to which we can generalize from the situation to real life situations generalizability across situations
the extent to which we can generalize from the people who participated to people in general generalizability across people
the extent to which the psychological processes triggered in an experiment are similar to psychological processes that occur in everyday life psychological realism
a description of the purpose of a study, given to participants, that is different from its true purpose & is used to maintain psychological realism cover story
experiments conducted in natural settings field experiments
the trade - off between internal & external validity in conducting research; very difficult to do one experiment that is both high in internal validity & generalizable to other situations & people basic dilemma of the social psychologist
repeating a study, often with different subject populations or setting replications
a statistical technique that averages the results of 2+ studies to see if the effect of an independent variable is reliable meta-analysis
studies that are designed to find the best answer to the question of why people behave as they do & that are conducted purely for reasons of intellectual curiosity basic research
studies designed to solve a particular social problem applied research
research conducted with members of different cultures, to see whether the psychological process of interest are present in both cultures or whether they are specific to the culture in which people were raised cross-cultural research
agreement to participate in an experiment, granted in full awareness of the nature of the experiment, which has been explained in advance informed consent
misleading participants about the true purpose of a study/events that will actually occur deception
explaining to participants at the end of an experiment, the true purpose of the study & exactly what happened debriefing
a group made up of at least 1 scientist, 1 nonscientist & 1 member of not affiliated with the institution that reviews all psychological research at the institution & decides whether it meets ethical guidelines institutional review board
Created by: nsibley
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