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Module 44

UNIT 6 Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development

TermDefinition
Cognition all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
Schema a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.
Assimilation interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas.
Accommodation adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information.
Sensorimotor Stage in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.
Object Permanence the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.
Preoperational Stage in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.
Conservation the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.
Egocentrism in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view.
Theory of Mind People's ideas about their own and others' mental states--about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.
Concrete Operational Stage in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.
Formal Operational Stage in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.
Scaffold a framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors.
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