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Unit 7 Quiz: Gender
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| sex | biological male or femaleness |
| gender | psychological, cultural, and social meanings associated with masculinity and femininity |
| androgyny | high degree of feminine and masculine characteristics |
| gender identity | a person's personal sense of being male or female |
| sexual orientation | direction of attraction to same or opposite sex |
| gender differences | personality differences emotional differences social differences cognitive differences physical/anatomical differences differences in sexual attitudes |
| personality differences | for most characteristics there are no significant differences women are more nurturant men are more assertive |
| emotional differences | men and women experience emotion at similar intensities women are more free with the expression of emotion |
| social differences | girls use more rapport talk, boys use more report talk |
| rapport talk | establishing connections and negotiating relationships |
| report talk | giving information |
| cognitive differences | females score better than males on verbal skills including writing males score better on high-level math tests men do better on some spatial tasks such as mental rotation tasks women do better remembering the location of objects |
| achievement differences | girls are more likely to graduate high school and enroll in college boys are more likely to be in the bottom half of the class academically |
| anatomical differences | (1) Male brains are bigger, (2) female brains are more convoluted- more folds (3) male brains maybe more lateralized for some specific functions |
| differences in sexual attitudes | men and women similar on many dimensions men report more permissive attitudes about sex however both men and women lie in studies about sex |
| evolutionary theory | suggests males and females develop characteristics that improve the likelihood of passing on their genes |
| social role theory | differences emerge because of the differing tasks attributed to male and females in society |
| social cognitive theory | gender roles are acquired through processes of learning |
| gender schema theory | gender roles are built in formation of schemas of masculinity and femininity |
| gender intensification hypothesis | differences between boys and girls become more pronounced in adolescence due to social pressure |
| old-fashioned sexism | endorsement of traditional gender roles, differential treatment of males and females, belief in stereotypes |
| modern sexism | denial of continued discrimination, antagonism toward women's concerns, lack of support for policy changes aimed at equality |
| culture | social patterns of shared meaning; transmitted generationally |
| cultural variation in the us | tends to boil down to 6-7 categories, and assume similarity within those broad groups, esp. our out-groups; outgrip homogeneity contributes to stereotyping |
| in-group | social group to which you belong |
| out-group | group to which you don't belong |
| out-group homogeneity | all of "them" are judged to be very similar |
| stereotype | set of traits attributed to members of a particular group |
| prejudice | negative attitude toward people who belong to a certain social group |
| all attitudes are | cognitive ( I think they're stupid) emotional (They make me mad) behavioral (I'm not going to hire them for a job) |
| jigsaw classroom technique | teaching method that focuses on small-group activities and intentionally mixes different students so they depend on each other |
| building positive personal relationships | pairing people up with people from different backgrounds (Like matching students up with international students so they can learn about each others cultures and be friends) |
| multicultural education | including different viewpoints in class content (like highlighting Black authors) |
| engaging in perspective taking | Experience what things are like for people of differing perspectives (like visiting a Black church) |
| cross-cultural research | a particular culture is compared to one or more other cultures and should avoid ethnocentrism |
| ethnocentrism | tendency to favor one's own cultural group over others |
| individualism | giving priority to personal goals rather than group goals; emphasizes values that serve the self |
| 4 values of individualism | personal choice, intrinsic motivation, self-esteem, and self-maximization |
| collectivism | giving priority to values that serve the group by subordinating personal goals to preserve group integrity |
| 3 values of collectivism | connectedness, orientation to the larger group, respect and obedience |
| socioeconomic status is a function of | occupational, educational, and economic considerations |
| ses is related to | differences in access to resources |
| US child poverty rate in 2021 | 16.9 |
| there was significant variation among states ranging from | 8.1-27.7% |
Created by:
abbiehig
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