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Basic Issues in HD
II: Basic Issues in Lifespan Human Development
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Paul Baltes | attributed to the propositions of lifespan development; influence the way we currently think of human development |
| Development | Is Multidimensional, Multidirectional, Plastic, Influenced by Multiple Contexts, Multidisciplinary, |
| Biological Dimensions | an example of this is puberty |
| Cognitive Dimensions | examples of this are the acquisition of object permeance, memory, and language |
| Socioemotional Dimensions | examples of this are understanding social cures from other people, hierarchies/social structure, and stress management |
| Gains | dimensions increasing in growth ex.) Height, knowledge, physical physique |
| Losses | dimensions decreasing in growth ex.) Elasticity in the skin, memory, loss of pigmentation in hair |
| Plastic (Plasticity) | malleable/changeable; this nature of human development allows people to modify their traits, capacities, and behavior throughout life |
| Resilience | the capacity to adapt effectively to adverse contexts and circumstances; manage your personal energy, shift your lenses, and find your sense of purpose |
| Context | when and where a person develops |
| Sociohistorical Context | normative age graded, normative history graded, and nonnormative life events |
| Normative Age Graded | occurs in a similar way to most people of a particular age group ex.) In the US, people gain the right to vote when they turn 18 |
| Normative History Graded | occurs in a similar way to most people in a particular cohort or generation (events) ex.) Covid for Gen Z and 9/11 for those affected by the attack |
| Nonnormative Life Events | unusual events that impact people's lives ex.) Medical Crisis (children who lose a parent or parents who lose a child |
| Culture | a set of customs, knowledge, attitudes, and values shared by members of a group |
| Cross-Culture Research | comparing different cultures to each other; assumption of homogeneity within societies |
| WEIRD Samples | Western, educated, industrialized rich, democratic; 12% of the population is being represented in 85% of research done in this area |
| Culture Research | how culture itself influences development; permits examination of heterogeneity within societies |
| Prenatal Period | time from conception to birth (approximately 9 month period); from a single cell to a complete organism |
| Early Childhood | end of infancy to about 5-6 years, often called the "preschool years" learn to become more self-sufficient, develop school readiness skills, spend many hours playing with peers |
| Middle and Late Childhood | 6-11 years of age, elementary school years, fundamental skills of reading, writing and arithmetic are mastered, child is formally exposed to the larger world and its culture |
| Adolescence | transition from childhood to early adulthood, entered at around 10-12 years, ending at 18-22 years, begins with puberty, pursuit of independence and identity, thought is now more logical, abstract, and idealistic |
| Early Adulthood | beginning in the late teens or early twenties, lasting through the 30s, establishing personal and economic independence, career development, early adults select a mate, start a family, and rear children |
| Middle Adulthood | beginning around 40 and extending to about 60, expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility, assisting the next generation in becoming competent |
| Late Adulthood | beginning in the 60s or 70s and lasting until death, adjusting to decreasing strength and health, time of life review, retirement, and new social roles |
| Death | stopping of heartbeat, circulation, breathing, and brain activity; a person's death causes changes in their social context (friends and family must adjust and accept the loss |
| Chronological Age | the number of years since birth |
| Biological Age | "fitness health", in terms of biological health, based on biomarkers ex.) You have the lung function of a 65-year-old but you're 40 |
| Subjective age | (how old you feel you are - you age)/your age |
Created by:
serenakellie
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