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Ch.7 Skeletal System
Human Anatomy and Physiology Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the living tissue in bone. | Bone tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, blood, and nervous tissue |
| Explain how bones are classified. | According to their shapes - long, short, flat, or irregular |
| What are five major parts of long bone? | Epiphysis, diaphysis, compact bone, spongy bone, and medullary cavity |
| How do compact and spongy bone differ in structure? | Compact bone is tightly packed with no gaps found in the diaphysis of long bones; spongy bone is found in the epiphysis of long bone and consists of numerous branching bony plates called trabeculae. Spaces between the trabeculae help reduce bone's weight. |
| What are long bones? | Long longitudinal axes and expanded ends |
| What are some examples of long bones? | Forearm and thigh bones |
| What are short bones? | Somewhat cubelike, with roughly equal lengths and widths. |
| What are some examples of short bones? | Bones of the wrists and ankles |
| Name a special type of short bone that is usually small and nodular and develops within a tendon or adjacent to a joint. | Sesamoid bone or round bone; example is the patella (kneecap) |
| What are flat bones? | Platelike structures with broad surfaces. |
| What are some examples of flat bones? | The ribs, the scapulae, and some bones of the skull |
| What are irregular bones? | Bones with a variety of shapes and most are connected to several other bones. |
| What are some examples of irregular bones? | The vertebrae that compose the backbone, and many facial bones. |
| What are joints? | Functional junctions between bones. |
| How many different types of joints are there? | 3 different types of joints in the body. |
| What are the 3 types of joints? | Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. |
| What are fibrous joints? | Lie between bones that closely contact one another; generally no movement (synarthrotic)...suture between a pair of flat bones of the skull |
| Where else can you find fibrous joints? | In the leg between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula; have limited movement (amphiarthrotic) |
| What are cartilaginous joints? | Bones of these joints are connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. |
| Where are cartilaginous joints found? | Separating the vertebrae of the vertebral column, pubic symphsis and the first rib of the sternum. |
| What are synovial joints? | Most joints in the skeletal system; allow free movement. More complex structurally than fibrous and cartilaginous joints. |
| How many different synovial joints are there? | There are 6 different synovial joints. |
| What are the different synovial joints? | Ball-and-socket joint, condylar joint, gliding joint, hinge joint, pivot joint, and saddle joint. |
| What are ball-and-socket joints? | Globular shaped head that articulates with the cup-shaped cavity of another bone. Ex: shoulder and hip joints. |
| What are condylar joints? | The rounded end of one bone fits into the cuff cavity of another bone. Ex: joints between the metacarpals and phalanges, radius and carpals. |
| What are gliding (plane) joints? | Nearly flat or slightly curved that allows SLIDING or GLIDING motion. Ex: wrists and ankles, acromioclavicular, and between two vertebrae. |
| What are hinge joints? | The convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another. Ex: elbow, knee, and joints of the phalanges. |
| What are pivot joints? | Cylindrical surface of one bone ROTATES within a ring formed of bone and ligament. Ex: proximal and distal radioulnar joints and joints in the neck. (joint between the atlas and dens of the axis) |
| What are saddle joints? | Forms between bones whose articulating surfaces have both concave and convex regions. Ex: between the carpal and metacarpal of the thumb. |
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MSTBB1
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