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Patho Midterm
Chapter 2-3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When teaching staff about tay-sachs disease, which information should the nurse include? | Tay Sachs is the results of the accumulation of lipids in teh nerve cells of the brain |
| When a patient has an extreme laceration (laceration with a flap)which medical term should the nurse document in the chart? | An avulsion An avulsion laceration is an extreme laceration in which a wide area of tissue is torn |
| Which information indicates that the nurse has a good understanding of clastogens? Clastogens are agents that cause: | Chromosomal breakage Clastogens are harmful agents that cause chromosomal breakage. As a result sections of the chromosome have additions, deletions, or are rearranged. |
| Which statement by a nursing student indicates the need for further teaching? Free radical injury can cause: | Tissue Damage by antioxidants Oxidative stress of free radical injury occurs when excess ROS overwhelms endogenous antioxidant systems. The antioxidants try to prevent free radical injury |
| What is the most frequently affected by chronic alcohol injury? | Liver Alcohol directly affects the cells in the liver and brain. With chronic alcohol ingestion a patient is more likely to have dimished liver function due to cirrhosis. |
| If a patient has liquefactive necrosis, which organ should the nurse assess first? | Brain Hypoxic injury to the brain results in liquefactive necrosis because the central nervous system contains little connective tissues |
| When a patient has tissue ischemia and a decrease in mitochondrial oxygenation, which of the following does the nurse expect? | Decreased ATP production A decrease in oxygen delivery results in a decrease in ATP production |
| Which of the following statements by a clinician about mutations is correct? | Mutations are alterations in normal DNA sequence |
| The nurse in the genetics clinic is describing a genetic disease that leads to progressive dementia in middle to late adulthood. What disease is the nurse most likely referring to? | Huntington disease Symptoms of huntingtons includes progressive dementia, and uncontrolled limb movements, do not usually manifest until later in life |
| When the clinician is discussing the DNA helix, which information should be included? In the DNA helix, guanine pairs with | cytosine |
| A nurse recalls that adaptive cellular mechanisms function to | Protect cells from injury help cells adjust to environmental changes. |
| When an infant has been identified as having had fetal exposure to alcohol, which assessement parameters should be considered? | Low birth weight Mental retardation Facial anomalies Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by all of the above and other congenital abnormalities |
| The nurse is caring for a new mother who just gave birth to a baby with down syndrome. The nurse explains that this syndrome is a result of a trisomy of what chromosome? | 21 The karotype of someone with downs shows trisomy 21 |
| The nurse is caring for a patient with a genetic disease that is transmitted through autosomal recessive inheritance. Which is the most likely diagnosis for this patient? | Cystic fibrosis CF is an autosomal recessive disease |
| If a patient has Gaucher disease, which of the following organ(s) should the nurse monitor? | Liver spleen CNS/Brain Gaucher is caused by the accumulation of a fatty substance called glucocerebroside in the spleen, liver and CNS. It also affects the lungs and the brain. |
| A patient asks about the role of clotting mechanisms during inflammation. The nurse should indicate that the function of the clotting cascade during inflammation is to | Trap microorganisms The clotting cascade keeps bacteria close to the phagocytes, helps stop any bleeding, and prevents the spread of infection by trapping microorganisms. |
| A patient with cancer sustains an excessive amount of tumor necrosis factor alpha. For what condition should the nurse be particularly alert? | Cachexia Tumor necrosis factor-alpha causes muscle wasting with severe weight loss (cachexia) and intramuscular thrombosis in cases of severe infection and cancer |
| A nurse is describing primary immune deficiency. Which primary deficiencies should the nurse include? | B lymphocytes and complement Classified into 5 groups based on which principal component of the immune system or inflammatory systems is defective:defects b lymphocytes, t lymphocytes, both b and t phagocytes or complement. |
| While discussing the complement system, which information should the nurse include? The alternative pathway of the complement system is activated by | Bacteria |
| A nurse wants to teach about the most common primary immune deficiency condition. which of the following should the nurse describe? | Common variable immune deficiency 34%-Selective immunoglobulin a (24%) and lgG subclass deficiency 17% |
| A patient has a complement deficiency of c5 and c7. The nurse should monitor this patient for infections caused by | Neisseria Deficiencies of terminal components of the complement cascade(c5, c6, c7, c8, or c9) are associated with increased infections with only one group of bacteria, those of the genus neisseria |
| The nurse is caring for a patient with B lymphocyte deficiency. The nurse should protect the patient primarily from | Encapsulated bacteria B lymphocyte deficiency results in an increased susceptibility to infection, especially those of encapsulated bacteria |
| Which substance is released during a viral infection and signals neighboring cells to enhance viral defenses? | Interferon After a host cell is infected by a virus, it releases interferon to signal neighboring cells to boost their viral defenses |
| A patient with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Which typical assessment findings should the nurse monitor for in this patient? | Decreased IgM and bleeding Is an X linked recessive disorder, where IgM antibody production and platelets are depressed |
| Among the many innate defenses the body has to pathogens, the first line of defense is the: | Skin and mucous membranes |
| What term does the nurse use to describe the exudate that is characterized by the movement of watery fluid, containing few cells and little protein? | Serous |
| When assessing the patient with SLE, the nurse should expect to identify | Athralgia, anemia and rashes |
| Which cells are primarily responsible for phagocytic activity during inflammation? | Neutrophils and macrophages |
| The patient is having a reaction to a bee sting. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction does the nurse expect to see documented in the patients chart? | type 1 Typical allergic reaction responses are type 1 |
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Juels1110
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