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Psychology Quiz #4
Neuroscience and Behavior
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Define neuroscience. | The influence of the nervous system. Effects of the nervous system on psychological aspects. |
| Define the nervous system. | Seeing the brain as an organ, connections of the braun and remainder of the body. behaviors and mental processes. |
| What perspective are we currently using? | The biological perspective: cells, systems and organs. |
| What is a neuron? | Specialized cell apart of the nervous system. Specialized to send and receive information. Current evidence in the field: all neurons are responsible for mental processes and behaviors. (Can change in the future). Important, but not the only cells. |
| What is the basic structure of a neuron? | Front, Soma, dendrites, myelin sheath, axon, axon terminals, back Information always flows from front to back. |
| Dendrites? | Purpose is to recieve information from other neurons, chemical information, first thing to happen. |
| Soma? | Cell body that processes information from dendrites and determines the outcome for a cell. |
| What happens when an axon is longer than expected? | The myelin helps to push it along, the length is all dependent on the axon. |
| Axon? | Transmites message to the end of a neuron. Myelin Sheath: fatty tissue surrounding the axon and speeds up the message. |
| Axon Terminal? | The end of a neuron, creates connections with other neurons, releases chemicals. |
| Why talk about neurons? | Components of a neuron are important for the general understanding of everything. |
| Normal vs Atypical | Normal: walking, talking, looking, holding a pencil Atypical: all movement breaks down, strong to jerky, occurring at the level of the neuron. |
| SP Disease. | Myelin starts to deteriorate, the neuron changes. Example: depression: axon terminal and goes to other neurons' dendrites. |
| What are the types of neurons? | They are divided based on location and what they do in the nervous system. There are three categories. |
| What is the 1st category of neurons? | Sensory neurons: ears, eyes, skin, nose, mouth. Take a sensory stimulus and send information to the brain. Must convert sensory stimulus into chemicals that other neurons and brain can't. Signal to collection to transduction to processing to action |
| What is the 2nd category of neurons? | Motor neurons: to create movement. Taking information from the brain and nervous system and sending it to the rest of the body. Example: writing, sitting up, playing sports |
| What is the 3rd category of neurons? | Interneuron: only found in the nervous system. Connects the other neurons. Sensory to inter to motor |
| A little about neurons, single neuron electrical. | Neural activation (firing). a single neuron. |
| Action potential? | change in the electrical charge in a cell Firing is action potentials Not firing is no action potentials Example: becoming excited (AP), becoming bored (No AP) Allows us to do things |
| Neurons: chemical. | Neural communication: when chemicals are released. Neurotransmitters go between neurons. Neurons are released at the axon terminal to the synapse (small gap between the axon and dendrites) Bind with dendrites (absorbed). |
| Across | Neurons don't just jump, they use neurotransmitters. Example: depression: no effort to do the bare minimum. Neurotransmitters aren't working in full effect. Antidepressants release neurotransmitters to speed things up/ create motivation. |
| The nervous system is? | neural activation and communication, through electrical and chemical changes. |
| What are the two divisions in the nervous system? Describe them. | 1. Central Nervous System: brain and spinal cord. 2. Peripheral Nervous System: links the CNS to everything else. Sensory organs, digestive system, heart and lungs. Exchanging neurons from and to the CNS (sensory and motor) |
| Describe the Central Nervous System | Where all thinking, doing and feeling takes place. Brain: receives information, processes it and creates an output. Spinal Cord: behaving, reflexes, important for survival. Behavior occurs before the brain can interpret it. |
| Describe the Peripheral Nervous System | 1. Somatic: voluntary muscle movements: handwriting, playing sports. 2. Autonomic: involuntary muscle movements: heart beating, lungs moving, blinking. |
| What are the two nervous systems that go with the Autonomic NS? What are they often referred to? | 1. Sympathetic NS: increase in the aroussal of system and greater energy output. Example: increase in breathing, heartrate, tense muscle movement. FIGHT OR FLIGHT |
| What is the second nervous system that goes with the Autonomic NS? | Parasympathetic NS: Decrease in arousal or energy output. Examples: relaxing, watching tv. Breathing and heart rate are at the lowest point. When we are in sympathetic, parasympathetic is needed to reach normal again. |
| What are the problems associated with the Parasympathetic NS? | It doesn't work properly for some people, for example anxiety. It isn't ok for you to be in a constant state of fight or flight mode. |
| What can high levels of sympathetic response turn into? | Heart, respiratory problems, sleep issues, irrational fears and phobias. |
| NOT CONNECTED TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM | Endocrine system: system of glands throughout the body. Reliant on hormones. Allows for communication. Affects every tissue it comes into contact with: hair, teeth, nails, bones. |
| Do the nervous system and the endocrine system have an effect on one another? | Yes! There is a constant feedback loop. It has a large impact on brain development. |
| Homeostasis | Body has an internal balance. Example: becoming too cold: parasympathetic sends signals to the endocrine system to make you shiver. |
| What is the pituitary gland? | Master gland of the endocrine system that is located in the brain to receive information and export information to the CNS. |
| What is the adrenal gland? | Adrenaline, increases energy in times of stress, not quickly like the sympathetic nervous system. Endocrine system is told to release prolonged energy. Example: staying pissed off for a long period of time. |
| What is neuro-imaging? | A category of technology, image of the brain. |
| What is Electrophysiolocial Techniques? | Measure the electrical change in neural function, information about timing. Example: showing someone recognizable vs unrecognisable pictures. |
| What is a CAT/CT scan? IMAGE OF STRUCTURE | An xray taken of the brain from multiple points. They are taken in layers. Flat and 2 dimensional. CAT SCAN: 3 Dimensional, you can see the larger issues only with these two. Simple scans of the brain. |
| What can you see with a CAT/CT scan? | Large things in the brain. Tumors, brain bleed, concussion, bone detection. |
| Disadvantages of using a CT/CAT scan? | Exposure to radiation and images aren't very close up |
| What is an MRI? | A magnet and radio waves that align molecules. Very high imaging Face is at the top of the scan and back of head is at the bottom. Used to detect smaller issues. Better photos and can see locations of tumors. |
| Disadvantages of using an MRI? | It is a giant magnet and some people may be ineligable to use one. Metals interfere with the imaging process. |
| Image of Function | Neural activation and communication. How active are the neurons and where the activity is. |
| What is a PET scan? | Functional imaging technique. The metabolic rate for neurons and how they metabolize glucose. Red: lots of activity Blue: not a lot of activity. NO STRUCTURAL INFORMATION |
| What is the downside to a PET scan? | Radioactive glucose must be consumed |
| What is an upside to a PET scan? | You can look for seizures and migraines |
Created by:
ldunlap4
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