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Ethics - Quiz 3
Chapters 5 to 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The five main principles | Golden Rule, Utilitarianism, Naturalism, Kantianism, and Virtue Ethics |
| Golden Rule | "Do for others what you would want done for you." (i.e., be fair and respectful). |
| Utilitarianism | "Do what's the best outcome for the most people." (i.e., seek a group benefit). |
| Naturalism | "Do what is safe and healthy for those involved." (i.e., do what's natural and normal). |
| Kantianism | "Don't do anything you don't want everyone to do." (i.e., act responsibly). |
| Virtue Ethics | "Do what is consistent with being an ethical person." (i.e., be morally motivated). |
| The five main schools of thought | Care-based, Ends-based, Nature-based, Rule-based, and Virtue-based |
| Care-based | Bespeaks variations on the Golden Rule, defining responsibility in terms of both fairness and caring. |
| Ends-based | Indicated the Utilitarian tradition of seeking the best outcome for the most people. |
| Nature-based | Whether in Thomistic, Deistic, or Legal traditions, focuses on discerning and applying universal rights and standards for moral conduct. |
| Rule-based | Is emblematic of the Kantian emphasis on intent, consistency, and reason as the means to rational and universal standards of ethical decision-making. |
| Virtue-based | Is derived from Aristotelian and religious emphases on the nature of moral character as essential to moral discernment and conduct. |
| Veil of ignorance | A model presented by Rawls whereby rules are to be made and enforced through a process wherein the participants are unaware of, and thus impartial, with respect to the interests of affected parties. |
| Justice and Impartiality | Rawls saw justice as the categorical moral imperative, and that equality is key value linked to justice. |
| Moral Absolutism | Assumes that moral conscience and coherence, even understood as law, have been built into the structure of the world by God or some other absolute cosmic force. It is not invented; It is discovered. |
| Pragmatism | Represented an integration of the schools of Rationalism and Empiricism, where truth is what works. |
| Idealism | Focuses on ideas and ideals rather than materials and possessions. |
| Metaphysics and Meta-ethics | The beliefs about the structure of reality; it wrestles with and sets forth what is real, what is good, and what is the source of what is good. |
| Epistemology | Explores knowledge and how it is obtained |
| Ethics | The field of human interaction; it focuses on what do we must do to engage what is good. |
| Eros | A aesthetic desire and appreciation ; in effect, it bespeaks a passion for what is deemed lovable |
| Philia | A reciprocal regard for the other, as in the love of family and friends |
| Logos | A logic defined as systematic reasoning |
| Divine Logos | Representing nature and moral law, distinct from social convention. |
| Stoic | Used to express a state of unfeeling toward changing, often difficult circumstances |
| Ethical Consistency or Integrity | Exists regardless of the circumstances |
| Egoism | Focuses on the individual and affirms that individual pleasure and enlightened self-interest constitute the good. |
| Invisible hand | The guiding force behind the idea of Egoism. |
| Hedonism | Identifies the key moral goal of life as pleasure and self-interest. |
| Deontological | Often identified as non-consequences and outcomes. |
| Teleological | Often referred to as Consequentialism. |
| Telos | Means end, purpose, or goal. |
| Dei | Carries the sense of necessity, duty, or obligation. |
| Ontos | Related to "being" and signifies identity, essence, status, or standing. |
| Logos | Literally means "word" and indicates what's logical, reasoned, or studied. |
| Empiricists | Define knowledge as based on human experience and sensory engagement. |
| Rationalists | Define knowledge as certain and unchanging and thus a universal quality embracing the ides of the innate and universal. |
| Agape | Emphasizes unconditional goodwill towards others, based on senses of equal regard and respect toward others, including even enemies |
| Natural Law | It stresses on discerning and following the worlds moral order |
| Morality | Involves supporting a just social structure |
| Concentration | Emphasizes the focus on what is good |
| Wisdom | Seeks to obtain a perspective on what is important |
| Mother Nature | It's quest is namely what is seen as natural, healthy, safe, secure, and normal for successful human living. |
Created by:
Farwalker3
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