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Psych - Learning
The learning approach - studies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who did the 'Social Learning' study? | Bandura (1961) |
| What was the aim of the 'Social Learning' study? | to see whether children would observe and imitate an aggressive role model |
| What was the procedure of the 'Social Learning' study? | 72 children were shown aggressive or non-aggressive role models and then left to play |
| What were the results of the 'Social Learning' study? | Children with the aggressive role model were more aggressive. Boys were more physically aggressive Girls were more verbally aggressive |
| What were the conclusions of the 'Social Learning' study? | If a child is exposed to an aggressive role model, they are likely to be aggressive themselves. There are gender differences in aggression. |
| What was the evaluation of the 'Social Learning' study? | Helpful to understand aggression in society A highly controlled environment meant it was more valid. Children felt like they had to be aggressive therefore its less valid. |
| Who did the 'Operant Conditioning' study? | Skinner (1932) |
| What was the aim of the 'Operant Conditioning' study? | to test whether the behaviour of an animal is likely to be repeated after reinforcement |
| What was the procedure of the 'Operant Conditioning' study? | Rats were placed in a box with a food dispenser & a lever. The lever was used to test positive reinforcement. The rats were given an electric shock (negative reinforcement) to test whether they would continue with a behaviour. |
| What were the results of the 'Operant Conditioning' study? | 9 mins 45 seconds to press the lever for the first time but they were pressing it every 16 seconds afterwards. |
| What were the conclusions of the 'Operant Conditioning' study? | Positive reinforcement strengthens a behaviour through producing a reward. Negative reinforcement also strengthens a behaviour through the removal of something unpleasant. |
| What was the evaluation of the 'Operant Conditioning' study? | A highly controlled environment meaning it’s more valid. Seen to be unethical using animals in research. Cannot generalise the findings of animals to humans as we are biologically not the same. |
| Who did the 'Classical Conditioning' study? | Watson & Rayner (1920) |
| What was the aim of the 'Classical Conditioning' study? | to see whether classical conditioning can be used to explain how humans develop phobias. |
| What was the procedure of the 'Classical Conditioning' study? | When 9 yr old Little Albert was presented with a white rat he would hear a loud bang. His fear to the noise was an UCR. 2 months later, the rat and loud noise was paired over and over during the conditioning phase (where the NS is paired with the UCS) |
| What were the results of the 'Classical Conditioning' study? | When little albert was shown the rat (now a CS rather than a NS) he would show fear (CR) even without the loud noise. He then generalised his phobias (things that looked similar). |
| What were the conclusions of the 'Classical Conditioning' study? | It’s possible to produce a fear response to a previously un-feared object. We can generalise our fears to other objects. |
| What was the evaluation of the 'Classical Conditioning' study? | Helps to understand how phobias are developed The experiment was controlled so it’s more valid and reliable. The method used was an unrealistic situation so it doesn’t measure true phobias. Unethical to induce a fear. |
Created by:
samfitter
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