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Exam #4 - mid.child.
Psych 265 - Childhood and Adolescence
| how much do children in middle childhood grow (on average) per year? | 2-3 inches/year |
| how much weight do children in middle childhood gain (on average) per year? | 5-7 lbs/year |
| physical growth during this time period is... | slow, but steady. |
| nutrition in MC has been linked to ___ and ___ | cognitive performance, socioemotional functioning |
| adequate nutrition in mc = | better cognitive performance, more active, and friendlier with peers |
| inadequate nutrition in mc = | poorer cognitive performance, less activity, and not as friendly with peers |
| what percentage of children in the US are obese? | 17.5% |
| obesity in mc is classified as... | having a BMI that is at or above the 95th percentile |
| what can influence obesity? | genetics and environment (poor diet, lack of exercise) |
| what are some strategies for reducing obesity? | increase the child's levels of activity providing them with balance and nutritious meals |
| MyPlate illustrates... | the five food groups using a familiar mealtime sight - a place setting (plate, fork, cup) |
| children who perform well physically are more likely to be __ by their peers than those who __ | more accepted and liked, perform less well |
| the goals of sports for children of this age range should be to... | maintain physical fitness learn physical skills become more comfortable with their body HAVE FUN |
| how does a child's fine motor skills improve during this time? | further improvements are made due to the myelination of the neurons - speeds up the electrical impulses sent between the neurons |
| by what ages are children able to manipulate objects at the same level as an adult? | 11 and 12 |
| what leads to new safety issues in this age group? | increased dependence because of a decrease in parental supervision |
| how can safety issues be reduced for children in this age group? | wearing protective gear such as helmets, knee/elbow pads, seat belts, etc. |
| what is the most reliable safeguard for children who are exploring cyberspace? | parental supervision |
| what percentages of children in the US experience a mental disorder each year? | 13-17% |
| what percentage of preteens suffer from major depressive disorder? | 5% |
| what do the advocates for antidepressants in adolescence/middle childhood claim? | can be beneficial overall |
| what are the critics of antidepressants in adolescence/middle childhood concerned about? | the long-term effects the drugs may have on the child |
| childhood psychological disorders are disruptive during childhood and can increase what? | the chances of retaining a future disorder |
| what percentages of children experience speech impairments? | 3-5% |
| childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering) | a substantial disruption in the rhythm and fluency of speech; most common; no specific cause |
| how can you help a child handle stuttering? | by not drawing attention to the fact that they are stuttering and letting the child finish their sentence/statement without disrupting or completing it for them |
| what percentage of children have a specific learning disorder? | 10% |
| specific learning disorder | characterized by difficulties in the ability to learn or use specific academic skills such as reading, writing, or arithmetic |
| specific learning disorder: dyslexia | a reading disability that can result in the misperception of letter, unusual difficulty in sounding out letters, confusion between left and right, and difficulties in spelling |
| ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) | a learning disorder marked by inattention, impulsiveness, a low tolerance for frustration, and generally a great deal of inappropriate activity |
| what percentage of children ages 3-17 years old experience ADHD | 9% |
| what gender is more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD? | boys |
| physicians may prescribe what kind of drug to reduce hyperactivity levels? | stimulants |
| what do stimulants do for children who experience ADHD? | it stimulates the parts of their brain that control impulses |
| what can also be used to treat ADHD? | behavior therapy |
| piaget's stage 3: conrete operational (ages 7-12) | during this stage children are solely applying logical to conservation methods/tasks |
| during stage 3, what happens to children's thought process? | their thinking is decentered (they are considering multiple tasks at a time) and they are developing reversibility by realizing that a task can be reversed by returning it to its original form |
| children in middle childhood have a hard time doing what because they use their logic for all types of thinking? | thinking abstractly or hypothetically - they use logic when they think about any and everything, so it is hard for them to imagine something happening when it hasn't occurred. |
| vygotsky's cooperative learning | peer-to-peer; children are working in groups to achieve a common goal |
| vygotsky's reciprocal teaching | a technique used to teach reading comprehension strategies |
| what are children taught in reciprocal teaching? | to skim paragraphs, ask questions about the reading, paraphrase the passage, and predict what will happen next |
Created by:
Kmw333
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