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Psych - Cognitive

The cognitive approach - key assumptions

QuestionAnswer
What is the 'computer analogy'? the mind is like an information processor with features similar to a computer
What is a product of how you process information? behaviour
How is the cognitive approach useful? helps to understand how our information processes affect our behaviour e.g. cognitive behavioural therapy to treat depression/anxiety
How can you test the validity of the cognitive approach? scientific methods to test it's ideas
Why is the cognitive approach difficult to measure scientifically? cognitions are not evident
what is 'reconstructive memory'? When you recall information you do not passively retrieve it. Instead you reconstruct your memory from different sources
How does Bartlett explain memory organisation? Memory is a set of organised schema which develops through life and experience. They can become activated when something in the environment triggers them. This is used to make sense of the event.
Name 3 ways schemas can affect your memory: Rationalisation Confabulation Shortening
What are 'cognitive scripts'? collections of schematas which link together to produce a series of expectations of the situation you are in.
What is 'cognitive priming'? when exposure to one stimulus influences how you respond to other stimuli
Name 4 types of priming: Positive/negative Repetitive Semantic Associative
What is 'cognitive bias'? Your brain creates shortcuts for faster processing
What are the 3 types of unconscious cognitive bias? Fundamental attribution error (FAE) Confirmation bias Hostile attribution bias (HAB)
What is 'fundamental attribution error' (FAE)? over-emphasise the role of intentions of others or your under estimate your own intentions
What is 'confirmation bias'? leads you to pay attention to information that supports your views and ignore information that doesn’t.
What is 'hostile attribution bias' (HAB)? attribution of negative intentions to someone else's behaviour leading you to feel victimised by them and perhaps retaliating as your response
What are the 2 cognitive assumptions? Behaviour is a product of how you process information. The mind is like an information processor (computer) with input and output.
Created by: samfitter
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