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AP Psych: Unit 14
Social Psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Social Cognition | the way people gather use and interpret information about their social world |
| Attribution Theory | a way to understand how people explain others behaviors |
| Dispositional Factors | individual personality characteristics that affect a person's Behavior. |
| Situational Factors | environmental stimuli that affect a person's Behavior. |
| Fundamental Attribution Error | tendency when judging others behaviors to overestimate the role of personal factors and underestimate situational factors. |
| Self-Serving Bias | to take personal credit for our own achievements and claim our failures on situational factors. |
| Social group | you are more people sharing common goals and interests interact and influence behavior of the other |
| Norms | either implicit or explicit rules that govern the behavior of group members |
| Social Loafing | the tendency of individuals to put less effort into group projects than when they are individually accountable |
| Deindividuation | loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in situations that promote High arousal and anonymity in groups. |
| Group Polarization | like-minded people share ideas resulting in a more extreme position for every individual. |
| Bystander Intervention | the active involvement of a person in a situation that appears to require his or her Aid. |
| Groupthink | individuals self-censor beliefs to preserve Harmony in the group |
| Conformity | the adoption of attitudes and behaviors shared by a particular group of people |
| Compliance | engaging in a particular Behavior at another person's request |
| Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon | agreement to smaller request leads to agreement to larger request later |
| Reciprocity | small gift makes others feel obligation to agree to later request |
| Obedience to Authority | |
| Attitudes | learned predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably to certain people, objects, or events. |
| Near exposure effect | increase liking for a person or another stimulus resulting from repeated presentation ( exposure). |
| Elaboration Likelihood Model | Attitudinal change through two routes: Central or peripheral. |
| Central Route Persuasion | Relatively stable change by carefully scrutinizing fact, statistics, and other information. |
| Peripheral Route of Persuasion | Pairs superficial positive factors with an argument leading to less stable change in attitudes. |
| Informational Social Influence | Accepting others opinions about reality, especially under conditions of uncertainty. |
| Normative Social Influence | Going along with the decisions of the group in order to gain if social approval. |
| Roles | Social positions and defined Behavior expectations in groups. |
| Bystander Effect | Refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely people are to help a person in distress. When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses. |
| Social Facilitation | Improve performance of well-learned tasks in front of others. |
| In-Groups | Groups to which we belong or feel like we belong in and tend to favor. |
| Out-Groups | Groups to which we do not belong in or relate to. We tend to attribute negative qualities to out-groups. |
| Stereotype | Used to quickly judge others; can be an overgeneralize belief about the characteristics of members of a particular group. |
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PunkSkunk
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