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ainsworth OFFICIAL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mary Ainsworth | student of bowlby further developed his theory combined views on the role of attachment in emotional developemt came to be known as the attachment theory |
| The attachment theory | - infants need a secure relationship with an adult caregiver in order for healthy emotional and social development - Both the caregiver and the infant play a role - -adults provides security (respond to needs) - infant will learn to trust CG |
| ~findings~ | infants can form different types of attachments vary in terms of how strong the connection is - how sensitive CG is infants responsiveness is also a key factor shown through infant response strange situation |
| three attachment styles | Type a : insecure avoidant attachment Type b :secure attachment Type c: insecure ambivalent/resistant attachment |
| The strange situation | research studies with 12-18month infants establishes the infants level of security - a system for assessing the infants reactions to a series of separations and reunion - observing the behaviour of the infant (8 stages) |
| Criticism & Strength | - child is placed in a strange and artificial environment - mother and the stranger entering and leaving the room is unnatural + good reliability - consistent results |
| insecure - avoidant attachment | infant does not seek closeness or contact / treats them like a stranger rarely cries when caregiver leaves the room ignores the caregiver upon their return result of neglect or abuse or cultural type of parenting |
| Secure attachment | balance between dependence & exploration uses the caregiver as a ‘safe base’ shows distress & decreases exploration when the caregiver leaves the room when return infant is enthusiastic & seeks physical contact confident the caregiver will return |
| Insecure resistant attachment | anxious even when the caregiver is near very upset when separated at return cries to be picked up, but then squirms or fights to get free infant feels that they cant depend on the caregiver |
| actual findings | types of attachment tend to not change over time unless there is a significant change in circumstances carried out most of her research in the usa, but child rearing practices vary considerably from place to place |
| secure attachment finding | secure attachment tend to have good self esteem, seek social support when they need it, have trusting long term relationships and are comfortable with sharing feelings with partners |
| insecure attachment finding | may experience anxiety inner turmoil, lack trust in others and are reluctant to form close relationships with others |
| Individualist vs Collectivist culture | Value independence with each working to their own individual goals Usa, Europe, Western cultures Value cooperation with each working towards the family or group goals Japan, Israel, Eastern cultures |
Created by:
procrast
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