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Chapter 1

What is Psychology

TermDefinition
Psychology science that studies behavior and mental process.
Pure research research conducted without concern for immediate applications.
Theory a set of hypothesized statements about the relationships among events.
Applied research research conducted in an effort to find solutions to particular problems.
Introspection deliberately looking into one{s thoughts and emotions.
Functionalism the school of psychology that emphasizes the use or function of the mind rather than the elements of experience.
Reinforcement a stimulus that follows a response and increases the frequency of the response.
Structuralism the school of psychology that argues that the mind consists of three basic elements. Sensations, feelings and images that combine to form experience.
Behaviorism the school of psychology that defines psychology as the study of observable behavior and studies relationships between stimuli and responses.
Gestalt Psychology the school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into wholes and to integrate separate stimuli into meaningful patterns.
Psychoanalysis the school of psychology that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as determinants of human behavior.
Biological Perspective the approach to psychology that seeks to understand the nature of the links between biological processes and structures such as the functioning of the brain, the endocrine system, and the heredity, on the one hand, and behavior and mental process, on the
Cognitive having to do with mental processes such as sensation and perception, memory, intelligence, language, thought and problem solving.
Social Cognitive Theory a school of psychology in the behaviorist tradition that includes cognitive factors in the explanation that includes cognitive factors in the explanation and prediction of behavior, formerly termed social learning theory.
Correlation an association or relationship among variables, as we might find between height and weight, or between study habits and school grades.
Selection Factor a source of bias that may occur in research findings when participants are allowed to choose for themselves a certain treatment in a scientific method.
Stratified Sample a sample drawn so that identified subgroups in the population are represented proportionately in the sample.
Independent Variable a condition in a scientific study that is manipulated so that its effects may be observed.
Dependent Variables a measure of an assumed effect of an independent variable.
Blind in experimental terminology, unaware of whether or not one has received a treatment.
Double Blind Study a study in which neither the subject nor the observers know who has received the treatment.
Created by: gisela.f538
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