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Fluid Imbalances Pt2
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances, Part 2
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Anorexia | Decreased appetite |
Paresthesia | Pins and needles sensation due to pressure on or damage to the peripheral nerves |
Hypocalcemia | Serum calcium deficit (less than 4 mEq/L) |
Carpopedal spasm | Abnormal twitching of the fingers or toes |
Tetany | Condition characterized by involuntary muscle contractions, cramping, and overstimulated peripheral nerves |
Hypercalcemia | Excessive serum calcium (more than 5 mEq/L) |
Hypophosphatemia | Low serum phosphate levels |
Hyperphosphatemia | Excessive serum phosphate levels |
Hypochloremia | Low serum chloride |
Hyperchloremia | Excess chloride ion |
Buffer | Weak acid or base and its conjugate salt that resists changes in pH |
Bicarbonate buffer system | Balance between carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) that helps to buffer the blood's pH |
Alkaline | Basic; having a pH above 7 |
Acidosis | Lower than normal pH in the body's fluids |
Compensation | Ability of other body systems to maintain homeostasis when one or more other organs are not able to function adequately |
Decompensation | Inability of the body to maintain overall homeostasis |
Hyponatremia | Serum sodium level below 135 mEq/L |
Hyperkalemia | Serum potassium level in excess of 5 mEq/L |
Hypomagnesemia | Low serum magnesium level |
Hypermagnesemia | Excess serum magnesium level |
Diabetic ketoacidosis | Serious complication of diabetes that develops when cells are forced to rely on the breakdown of fats rather than glucose, producing acidic ketones that lower blood pH to dangerous levels |
Alkalosis | High blood pH |