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Immunity, Part 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Colostrum | First form of milk produced by mammary glands; it’s thick, yellowish, nutrient-dense and rich in antibodies and antioxidants |
| Complement system | Set of plasma proteins that react with one another to i) opsonize (label) pathogens, ii) induce the inflammatory response, and iii) enhance the destruction of target cells or microbes |
| Hypogammaglobulinemia | Immunodeficiency disorder caused by low serum immunoglobulin or antibody levels |
| Neutrophil | Most abundant type of WBC that contains granules full of digestive enzymes for phagocytosis of pathogens or cell debris |
| Eosinophil | Type of granulocyte that participates in allergic responses and fights parasitic infections |
| Mast cells | Immune cells of the myeloid lineage that release histamines and other inflammatory mediators in response to allergens, pathogens, or tissue injury |
| Basophil | Least common type of granulocyte that contains granules full of histamine |
| Monocytes | Large agranulocytes that can differentiate into macrophages |
| B Lymphocyte | Type of agranulocyte that matures in the bone marrow and has the potential to produce antibodies |
| T lymphocyte | Type of agranulocyte that matures in the thymus; it may have helper, memory, regulatory, or cytotoxic immune functions |
| Bursa of Fabricius | Specialized organ in birds where B cell maturation occurs |
| Thymus | Gland where T lymphocyte production and maturation occurs; it is much larger in children than adults |
| Opportunistic infection | Infection that occurs more frequently or is more severe in immunocompromised individuals |
| Titer | Concentration of circulating pathogens or antibodies in the blood |
| Graft vs. Host Disease | Serious complication following an allograft, especially a bone marrow or stem cell transplant, in which the graft’s immune cells perceive the host as foreign and attack host tissues |
| Host vs. Graft Disease | Immune reactivity of the transplant recipient against introduced allografts, which can lead to transplant rejection |
| Antigen-presenting cell | Also known as APC, a type of immune cell that boosts immune responses by showing antigens on its surface to other cells of the immune system. |
| Antibody | Y-shaped protein that binds specifically to regions of pathogens or other cells that it perceives as foreign so that they can be neutralized by the immune system; also known as an immunoglobulin |
| Autoantibody | Antibody formed against cell antigens |
| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus; it causes AIDs by infecting T lymphocytes and compromising the body’s immune system |
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KES-HFHS
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