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Immunity, Part 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Innate immunity | Generalized non-specific defenses present from birth |
| Adaptive immunity | Antigen-specific immune responses that typically occur in response to pathogen exposure |
| Natural immunity | Immunity acquired from infection with a pathogen or by the transmission of antibodies from mother to child through breast milk |
| Artificial immunity | Immunity acquired through vaccination or therapeutic antibody injections |
| Active immunity | Immunity that develops in an individual's own body in response to an antigen |
| Passive immunity | Immunity conferred on an individual from a source outside that person's own body |
| Toxoid | Chemically modified toxin from a pathogenic microorganism that is no longer toxic but is still antigenic and can be used as a vaccine |
| Herd immunity | Indirect protection to an infectious disease provided when a high percentage of a population is immune |
| Type I Hypersensitivity | IgE-mediated release of antibodies and histamine, also known as an immediate reaction; occurs in allergic responses and anaphylaxis |
| Type II Hypersensitivity | Reaction that involves IgG- and IgM-mediated activation of the complement system, leading to cell damage or lysis |
| Type III Hypersensitivity | Reaction that involves the precipitation of immune complexes containing IgG, IgM, and sometimes IgA in skin, joints, vessels, or glomeruli |
| Type IV Hypersensitivity | Cytokine-mediated activation of cytotoxic T cells or macrophages in response to a previously encountered antigen, leading to tissue damage; also known as a delayed type reaction |
| Autoimmune disorder | Disease in which the body’s immune cells attack its own healthy cells |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | Autoimmune disease in which the immune system of the body mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in the skin, joints, kidneys, brain, and other organs |
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | Disorder caused by HIV infection that includes a number of life-threatening opportunistic infections and illnesses |
| Retrovirus | Type of enveloped, RNA virus that can convert its genetic material into DNA and integrate into the host genome |
| Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) | Technique for amplifying and/or detecting specific nucleic acid segments |
| Azidothymidine (AZT) | Nucleoside analogue used in combination with other drugs to treat HIV; also known as zidovudine |
| Encephalopathy | Broad term for any disease that alters brain function and/or structure |
| HAART | Highly active antiretroviral therapy |
| Discoid lupus erythematosus | Type of chronic autoimmune disease that predominantly affects the skin, causing scarring on the scalp, face, and/or ears |
| Hay fever | Allergic response (often seasonal) that causes itchy, watery eyes, sneezing, a runny nose, and congestion; also called allergic rhinitis |
| Eczema | Itchy inflammation of the skin caused by irritants or allergens; also known as atopic dermatitis |
| Asthma | Disease in which narrowing, swelling, and excess mucus production in the airways obstructs breathing |
| Anaphylaxis | Severe, potentially life-threatening, allergic reaction |
Created by:
KES-HFHS
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