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Psychology Ch.1 Lec.
Psychology Ch.1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Psych | The soul |
| Ology | Scientific Study of |
| Psychology | Scientific study of the mind and behavior. |
| Structuralism | understanding the conscious experience through introspection. |
| Functionalism | focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment. |
| Psychoanalytic Theory | focuses on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior |
| Gestalt Psychology | focuses on humans as a whole rather than individual parts. |
| Behaviorism | focuses on observing and controlling behavior. |
| Humanism | emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans. |
| Wilhelm Wundt | one of the founders of psychology,emphasized structuralism |
| Introspection | Process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into its component parts Wilhelm Wundt |
| William James | was the first American psychologist, drew from the functionality of cognitive processes, establishing functionalism |
| Functionalism | emphasized how mental activities contributed to basic environmental survival |
| SIGMUND FREUD | Founded Psychoanalytic theory,Studied “hysteria” and neurosis, Theorized that many of his patients’problems arose from the unconscious mind |
| Psychoanalytic theory | focuses on the role of a person’s unconscious and early childhood experiences |
| Kohler, Koffka and Wertheimer | German psychologists, |
| GESTALT | whole |
| GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY | although a sensory experience can be broken down into individual parts, how those parts relate to each other as a whole is often what the individual responds to in perception |
| IVAN PAVLOV | Discovered the concept of classical conditioning |
| CLASSICAL CONDITIONING | conditioned reflexes in which an animal produced a reflex (unconscious)response to a stimulus |
| John B. Watson | the father of behaviorism within psychology, he focused on observable behavior and ways to bring that behavior under control |
| B. F. SKINNER | Concentrated on how behavior was affected by its consequences, Studied the principles of modifying behavior through reinforcement and punishment |
| Abraham MASLOW | Proposed a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior |
| CARL ROGERS | developed a client-centered therapy method that has been influential in clinical settings, the patient taking a lead role in therapy -unconditional positive regard - genuineness - empathy |
| COGNITIVE REVOLUTION | new disciplinary perspectives in linguistics, neuroscience,and computer science were emerging |
| Noam Chomsky | believed psychology needed to incorporate mental functioning into its focus in order to fully understand human behavior |
| MARGARET FLOY WASHBURN | First woman to earn a doctorate in Psychology Researched on animal behavior, and published an authoritative text on the subject. |
| CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY | Branches of psychology Bio-psychology and Evolutionary Psychology Sensation and Perception Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Health Psychology Industrial-Organizational Psych |
| BIO-PSYCHOLOGY | study how the structure and function of the nervous system generate behavior |
| Bio-Psychology Studies | Sensory and motor systems - Sleep - Drug use and abuse - Ingestive behavior- Reproductive behavior - Neuro-development - Plasticity of the nervous system - Biological correlates of psychological disorders |
| SENSATION AND PERCEPTION | study focuses on both physiological aspects of sensory systems and psychological experience of sensory information Sensory information (sights, sounds, touch, smell) Experience of the world which is influenced by where we focus attention, previous exp |
| DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY | the physical and mental attributes of aging and maturation -Moral Reasoning - Cognitive Skills - Social Skills |
| PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY | behaviors and thought patterns that are unique, conscious and unconscious thinking and identifying personality traits |
| OCEAN | Openness Consciousness Extroversion Agreeableness Neuroticism |
| Openness (Imagination, feelings, ideas) | Practical, conventional, routine vs Curious, wide-range of intrests, independant |
| Consciousness (competence, self-discipline, thoughtfulness, goal-driven) | Impulsive, careless, disorganized vs Hardworking, dependable, orgaonized |
| Extroversion (Sociability, assertiveness, emotional expression) | quiet, reserved, withdrawn vs outgoing, warm, seeks adventuress |
| Agreeableness (cooperative, trustworthy, good-natured) | Critical, uncooperative, suspicious vs helpful, trusting, empathetic |
| Neuroticism (Tendancy toward unstable emotions) | calm, even-tempered, secure vs Anxious, unhappy, prone to negative emotions |
| SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY | How individuals interact and relate with others and how such interactions can affect behavior -Prejudice - Attraction - Interpersonal conflicts - Obedience |
| HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY | how individual health is directly related or affected by biological, psychological, and sociocultural influence interaction of three factors: -Biological -Psychological -social |
| CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY | diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and problematic patterns of behavior;clinical therapy and counseling |
| INDUSTRIAL-ORGANIZATIONAL | applies psychological theories, principles and research to industrial and organizational settings; personnel management, organizational structure and workplace environment |
| SPORTS & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY | sports and physical performance; motivation, performance related anxiety, and general mental well being |
| FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY | justice system;assessment of individuals' mental competency to stand in trial, sentencing and treatment suggestions, and advisement regarding eyewitness testimonies |
| CAREERS IN PSYCHOLOGY | -Teaching - Research - Clinical psychologist - Counseling psychologist - Social Work - Corporate and Marketing jobs |
Created by:
Ciara_S
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