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line judgement task

QuestionAnswer
who when 1951 Asch
Aim Asch wanted to investigate whether people would conform to the majority in situations where an answer was obvious
Procedure ~ 5-7 participants per group. was presented with a standard and 3 comparison lines. Participants had to say which line matched the standard line . only one real participant The confederates were told to give the incorrect answer 12 out of 18 trials
Results real participants conformed on 32% of the critical trials where confederates gave the wrong answers. Additionally, 75% of the sample conformed to the majority on at least 1 trial.
Limitations. criticisms • Lacks ecological validity as it was based on people’s perceptions of lines, this doesn’t reflect complexity of irl • Sampling issue: only carried out on men - gender bias. Cannot be applied to females. Lacks population validity
Limitations. criticisms • Ethical issues - mention deception - couldn’t give informed consent. May have felt embarrassed - psychological harm. Did debrief them
Limitations. criticisms • Some participants said they conformed to fit in with the group, this claim coincides ( supports) normative influence which says that people conform to fit in when privately disagreeing with the majority
• Factors affecting conformity In further trials, Asch changed the procedure (IV) to investigate situational factors influenced the level of conformity (DV). Group size , Group unanimity ,Normative influence, Informational social influence , Culture, Deindividuation, Social loafing
• Group size • altered the nnumber of confederates in his study to see how it affected conformity (IV) the bigger the majority group, the more people conformed but only up to a certain point
• Group unanimity • A person is more likely to conform when all members of the group agree and give the same answer - unanimous when group answer wasnt unanimous, conformity dropped. 1 confederate differ - 80% reduce conformity
• Normative influence Change of behaviour is temporary where a person conforms to fit in with a group because they don’t want to appear foolish or be left out. Normative social influence is usually associated with compliance, where a person changes heir public behaviour but not their private beliefs
• Informational social influence • Fancy restaurant first time where a person conforms because they have a desire to be right and look to others who they believe may have more information. This type of conformity occurs when a person is unsure of a situation or lacks knowledge and is associated with internalisation
• Culture • Cultures that are collectivist exhibit a higher degree of conformity than individualistic cultures.
• Deindividuation Deindividuation can become a powerful tool to trigger conformity; given that while deindividuated, subjects have a diminished perception of their personal traits, they will be likely to conform to the behaviours of the group.
• Social loafing the reduction of effort an individual puts in when they are part of a team doing the same job. this is linked to deindividuation because the individual knows that their level of effort is less likely to be monitored when they are part of a crowd
group size results 1 confederate, conformity 3% 2 confederates,13% 3+ confederates 32% Conformity didn’t increase much after the group size was about 4-5 Because conformity doesn’t seem to increase in groups larger than 4, this is considered the optimal group size
Deindividuation vs group think some distinguish by arguing that while deindividuation involves a loss of awareness, groupthink occurs when individuals actively shut down their individual thoughts in favour of the popular thoughts promoted by the group
Conformity is a type of social influence involving a change in belief or behaviour in order to fit in with a group
Created by: procrast
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